{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:00:38Z","timestamp":1785150038864,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Discovery Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP 84414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 84414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disturbance is common in youth with mood disorders and correlates with mood symptom burden. Insomnia polygenic risk scores (PRS), computed from adult genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, are associated with sleep disturbance among youth within the general population. However, no studies have examined insomnia-PRS in a clinical sample of youth with mood disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants included 374 youth aged 13\u201320 years, 247 with mood disorders (135 bipolar disorder [BD] and 112 major depressive disorder) and 127 controls. Insomnia-PRS was constructed using an adult insomnia GWAS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 360,738). Sleep disturbance was computed using the most severe lifetime insomnia and hypersomnia (i.e., excessive sleep) items from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Depression Rating Scale. General linear models or logistic regressions examined main effects of insomnia-PRS on sleep disturbance and psychiatric characteristics (mood symptom severity, anxiety comorbidity, suicide risk, global functioning), controlling for age, sex, and genetic principal components.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Insomnia-PRS was higher in youth with mood disorders versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.24). Insomnia-PRS was associated with insomnia severity in youth with mood disorders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        \u03b7\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), and with mania severity in youth with BD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        \u03b7\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), although the insomnia severity finding did not survive Bonferroni correction. In sex-stratified analyses, insomnia-PRS was significantly associated with insomnia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        \u03b7\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        \u03b7\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                        =\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      0.03), and mania (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.02,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        \u03b7\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05) severity in females but not males. There were no significant findings for excessive sleep.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study extends prior findings linking adult-derived insomnia-PRS with insomnia in youth with mood disorders, with evidence of differences related to sex and BD. These preliminary findings suggest that sleep and mood in youth may be sensitive to adult-derived insomnia-PRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10445463261456656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:54:27Z","timestamp":1781096067000},"page":"423-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polygenic Risk for Insomnia in Relation to Sleep Disturbance and Psychiatric Characteristics in Youth with Mood Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5684-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra A.","family":"Puchiele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Mio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela K.","family":"Dimick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement C.","family":"Zai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Boulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Rabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, 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