{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:18:01Z","timestamp":1781187481291,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 OH010193-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 OH010193-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 ES026973 and P30 ES032756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES026973 and P30 ES032756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E.W. \u201cAl\u201d Thrasher Award 10287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.W. \u201cAl\u201d Thrasher Award 10287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI139784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI139784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins NIOSH Education and Research Center","award":["T42 OH0008428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T42 OH0008428"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1316318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1316318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GRACE Communications Foundation"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future","award":["CLF-Lerner Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLF-Lerner Fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Solut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers face a range of occupational hazards, including exposure to zoonotic pathogens such as livestock-associated antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and swine-origin influenza viruses with epidemic or pandemic potential. To better understand this population's occupational exposure to zoonotic pathogens, we conducted a community-driven qualitative research study in eastern North Carolina. We completed in-depth interviews with ten IHO workers and used thematic analysis to identify and analyze patterns of responses. Workers described direct and indirect occupational contact with hogs, with accompanying potential for dermal, ingestion, and inhalation exposures to zoonotic pathogens. Workers also described potential take-home pathways, wherein they could transfer livestock-associated pathogens and other contaminants from IHOs to their families and communities. Findings warrant future research, and suggest that more restrictive policies on antimicrobials, stronger health and safety regulations, and better policies and practices across all IHOs could afford greater protection against worker and take-home zoonotic pathogen exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10482911231217055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1701997684000},"page":"209-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Industrial Hog Operation Workers\u2019 Perspectives on Occupational Exposure to Zoonotic Pathogens: A Qualitative Pilot Study in North Carolina, USA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0778-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Gigot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Lowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Ceryes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Heaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Community Science and Innovation for Environmental Justice Initiative, Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10482911231217055","unstructured":"USDA. Hogs and Pork - sector at a glance.\n                      USDA Economic Research Service\n                      , https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/animal-products\/hogs-pork\/sector-at-a-glance\/ (2022, accessed 12 April 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-10482911231217055","unstructured":"USDA. Annual statistical bulletin.\n                      USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, North Carolina Field Office\n                      , https:\/\/www.nass.usda.gov\/Statistics_by_State\/North_Carolina\/Publications\/Annual_Statistical_Bulletin\/index.php (2022, accessed 12 April 2022)."},{"key":"bibr3-10482911231217055","unstructured":"BLS. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by industry and case types, 2020.\n                      US Bureau of Labor Statistics: Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities\n                      , https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshwc\/osh\/os\/summ1_00_2020.htm (2020, accessed 5 October 2022)."},{"key":"bibr4-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.24349"},{"key":"bibr5-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2554"},{"key":"bibr6-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.10.019"},{"key":"bibr7-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2010.486283"},{"key":"bibr8-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-019-00253-5"},{"key":"bibr9-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8710901"},{"key":"bibr10-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22186"},{"key":"bibr11-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22173"},{"key":"bibr12-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2010.486958"},{"key":"bibr13-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904"},{"key":"bibr14-10482911231217055","unstructured":"US FDA.\n                      Guidance for industry (GFI) #209: The judicious use of medically important antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals\n                      , https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/cvm-gfi-209-judicious-use-medically-important-antimicrobial-drugs-food-producing-animals (2012, accessed 8 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr15-10482911231217055","unstructured":"US FDA.\n                      Guidance for Industry (GFI) #213: New animal drugs and new animal drug combination products administered in or on medicated feed or drinking water of food-producing animals: Recommendations for drug sponsors for voluntarily aligning product use conditions with GFI #209\n                      , https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/cvm-gfi-213-new-animal-drugs-and-new-animal-drug-combination-products-administered-or-medicated-feed (2013, accessed 8 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr16-10482911231217055","unstructured":"US FDA. Potential approach for defining durations of use for medically important antimicrobial drugs intended for use in or on feed: A concept paper, https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/144927\/download (2021, accessed 8 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr17-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00351-x"},{"key":"bibr18-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11221"},{"key":"bibr19-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13495"},{"key":"bibr20-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3453"},{"key":"bibr21-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP35"},{"key":"bibr22-10482911231217055","volume":"8","author":"Rinsky JL","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr23-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.12.010"},{"key":"bibr24-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165713"},{"key":"bibr25-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42919-y"},{"key":"bibr26-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.080162"},{"key":"bibr27-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01298-16"},{"key":"bibr28-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2020\/2021. 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Structure of U.S. Pork Industry.\n                      Pork Information Gateway\n                      , https:\/\/porkgateway.org\/resource\/structure-of-u-s-pork-industry\/ (2012, accessed 12 April 2022)."},{"key":"bibr45-10482911231217055","unstructured":"Vector Portal. Overalls Icon \u2013 Free PNG & SVG 4887678 \u2013 noun project.\n                      The Noun Project\n                      , https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/icon\/overalls-4887678\/ (2023, accessed 9 May 2023)."},{"key":"bibr46-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30141-9"},{"key":"bibr47-10482911231217055","unstructured":"Pew Charitable Trust.\n                      Alternatives to antibiotics in animal agriculture\n                      . 2017."},{"key":"bibr48-10482911231217055","unstructured":"1910.132 - General requirements. | Occupational safety and health administration, https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1910\/1910.132 (2016, accessed 11 July 2023)."},{"key":"bibr49-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2012.746064"},{"key":"bibr50-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx108"},{"key":"bibr51-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01489-17"},{"key":"bibr52-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03361"},{"key":"bibr53-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00550-12"},{"key":"bibr54-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01128-10"},{"key":"bibr55-10482911231217055","unstructured":"1910.141 \u2013 Sanitation. | Occupational safety and health administration, https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1910\/1910.141 (2011, accessed 11 July 2023)."},{"key":"bibr56-10482911231217055","unstructured":"1904.1 \u2013 Partial exemption for employers with 10 or fewer employees.\n                      OSHA Standards\n                      , https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1904\/1904.1 (2020, accessed 11 January 2022)."},{"key":"bibr57-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2021.1956663"},{"key":"bibr58-10482911231217055","unstructured":"On-site consultation | Occupational safety and health administration, https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Consultation (2023, accessed 5 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr59-10482911231217055","unstructured":"Safety and health consultation program | NC DOL, https:\/\/www.labor.nc.gov\/safety-and-health\/occupational-safety-and-health\/safety-and-health-consultation-program (2023, accessed 5 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr60-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7912"},{"key":"bibr61-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.110486"},{"key":"bibr62-10482911231217055","volume-title":"Doing Qualitative Research","author":"Crabtree BF","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr63-10482911231217055","unstructured":"APHA. Improving working conditions for U.S. farmworkers and food production workers.\n                      APHA Policy Statements Database\n                      , https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policies-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-statements\/policy-database\/2018\/01\/18\/improving-working-conditions (2017, accessed 28 January 2022)."},{"key":"bibr64-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720964646"},{"key":"bibr65-10482911231217055","unstructured":"US GAO. Multiple challenges lengthen OSHA\u2019s standard setting, https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/gao-12-330.pdf (2012, accessed 8 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr66-10482911231217055","unstructured":"State occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities\u202f: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/state-data\/archive.htm#NC (2021, accessed 5 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr67-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1048291118808788"},{"key":"bibr68-10482911231217055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/safety2040025"}],"container-title":["NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10482911231217055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10482911231217055","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10482911231217055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10482911231217055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:31:36Z","timestamp":1777681896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10482911231217055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10482911231217055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10482911231217055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1048-2911","1541-3772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1048-2911","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]}}}