{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:01:44Z","timestamp":1792562504408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34DA049664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34DA049664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research on Social Work Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Women engaged in sex work (WESW) who use drugs face barriers to HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HST) may empower sex workers to learn their HIV status; however, it is not scaled up among WESW in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to traditional HIV testing and HST among this population. Method: We conducted 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and four focus groups (FGs) with Kazakhstani WESW who use drugs. Pragmatic analysis was used to explore key themes from qualitative data. Results: Participants welcomed HST due to its potential to overcome logistical challenges by accessing HIV testing, as well as the stigma that WESW faces in traditional HIV testing. Participants desired emotional and social support for HST, and for linkage to HIV care and other services. Discussion: HST among women who exchange sex and use drugs can be successfully implemented to mitigate stigma and barriers to HIV testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10497315221128594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T08:44:11Z","timestamp":1665391451000},"page":"296-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preferences for an HIV Self-Testing Program Among Women who Engage in sex Work and use Drugs in Kazakhstan, Central Asia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4551-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Cordingley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"McCrimmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke S.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meruyert","family":"Darisheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sholpan","family":"Primbetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Terlikbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabila","family":"El-Bassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10497315221128594","unstructured":"Amelia \u2013 NGO (2018).\n                      Report: Documenting Human Rights Abuse (HRADP). 2015. November 5, 2015.\n                      http:\/\/www.swannet.org\/en\/content\/amelia-ngo-kazakhstan-publish-report-sex-work."},{"issue":"0","key":"bibr2-10497315221128594","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"Beckham S. W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"bibr3-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002442"},{"key":"bibr4-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab029"},{"key":"bibr5-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-645"},{"key":"bibr6-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002292"},{"key":"bibr7-10497315221128594","unstructured":"Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Disease (KSCDID) (2021a). National Report on Achieved Progress in the Implementation of the Global AIDS Response. Almaty, Kazakhstan."},{"key":"bibr9-10497315221128594","unstructured":"Kazakh Scientific Center of Dermatology and Infectious Disease (KSCDID) (2021b).\n                      Population Size Estimate of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in the Republic of Kazakhstan\n                      ."},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr10-10497315221128594","first-page":"44","volume":"24","author":"Khajehkazemi R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"bibr11-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06332-z"},{"key":"bibr12-10497315221128594","volume-title":"Presented at: Twenty-second International AIDS Conference","author":"McCrimmon T.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr13-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30258-3"},{"key":"bibr14-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25301"},{"key":"bibr15-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09105-6"},{"key":"bibr16-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10072-1"},{"key":"bibr17-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002458"},{"key":"bibr18-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3415-z"},{"key":"bibr19-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02393-z"},{"key":"bibr20-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022652"},{"key":"bibr21-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001765"},{"key":"bibr22-10497315221128594","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236052"},{"key":"bibr23-10497315221128594","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2017). UNAIDS special analysis."},{"key":"bibr24-10497315221128594","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2021).\n                      HIV and AIDS in Eastern Europe & Central Asia Overview UNAIDS \u201cAIDSinfo\u201d (accessed February 2021)\n                      . https:\/\/www.avert.org\/hiv-and-aids-eastern-europe-central-asia-overview."},{"key":"bibr25-10497315221128594","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (2021).\n                      WHO Country Office, Kazakhstan: Annual activity report\n                      (WHO\/EURO:2021-2436-42191-58165). World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/342238."}],"container-title":["Research on Social Work Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497315221128594","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10497315221128594","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497315221128594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:01:06Z","timestamp":1777683666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10497315221128594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10497315221128594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10497315221128594","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-7315","1552-7581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-7315","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]}}}