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After modification, all models fit the data well. The two-factor DASS-10 was statistically superior (CFI\u2009=\u2009.996, RMSEA\u2009=\u2009.025, nonsignificant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2). The three-factor DASS-12a also demonstrated excellent fit (CFI\u2009=\u2009.987, RMSEA\u2009=\u2009.040) and met all convergent validity criteria (all AVEs\u2009\u2265\u2009.50). Discriminant validity between anxiety and stress was not supported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DASS-12a is the most sound three-factor option, while the D-10 offers a more robust, two-factor measure of general distress ideal for rapid screening. Generalizability is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10497315251381277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T15:01:21Z","timestamp":1758726081000},"page":"1643-1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychometric Evaluation of Six DASS-21 Short Forms for Male Survivors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9827-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Hyun","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Windsor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0226-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.799769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2023.2181114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck A. 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