{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:14:17Z","timestamp":1790810057168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we examined metaphors invoked by people recovering from opioid dependence as they described the challenges and successes of using medication-assisted treatment. Metaphors provide linguistic tools for expressing issues that are confusing, complex, hidden, and difficult to state analytically or literally. Using data from eight focus groups with 68 participants representing four ethnic minority groups, we conducted a grounded analysis to show how recovering substance users communicatively constructed addiction and recovery. The primary medication, methadone, was framed as \u201cliquid handcuffs\u201d that allowed those in recovery to quit \u201chustling,\u201d get \u201cstraight,\u201d and find \u201cmoney in their pockets.\u201d Nonetheless, methadone also served as a \u201ccrutch,\u201d leaving them still feeling like \u201cusers\u201d with \u201chabits\u201d who \u201ccame up dirty\u201d to friends and family. In this analysis, we tease out implications of these metaphors, and how they shed light on sensemaking, agency, and related racial- and class-based structural challenges in substance abuse recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732313487802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T00:21:47Z","timestamp":1367886107000},"page":"951-962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A Metaphor Analysis of Recovering Substance Abusers\u2019 Sensemaking of Medication-Assisted Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shawna","family":"Malvini Redden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049732313487802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.30.1.109"},{"key":"bibr2-1049732313487802","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Handbook of moral behavior and development","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr3-1049732313487802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1"},{"key":"bibr4-1049732313487802","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis with NVivo","author":"Bazeley P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr5-1049732313487802","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Critical issues in qualitative research methods","author":"Carey M. 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