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We recruited a purposive sample of 32 women from two Canadian communities and conducted semistructured, dialogic interviews during the second trimester of pregnancy. We analyzed data using thematic content analytic methods, including open coding whereby we read transcripts line by line and applied codes to portions of text that illustrated concepts or themes. The substantive grounded theory, \u201claboring to mother in the context of past trauma,\u201d describes the exceedingly difficult emotional and cognitive work undertaken by pregnant women with histories of trauma as they anticipate becoming mothers. In this article, we present key components of the theory and offer recommendations for health and social service providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314521902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T01:08:59Z","timestamp":1391648939000},"page":"1253-1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Laboring to Mother in the Context of Past Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Helene","family":"Berman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Rodger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Classen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn K.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori E.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Alvernaz","family":"Mulcahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonarda","family":"Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmeh","family":"Al-Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049732314521902","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-1049732314521902","unstructured":"Amnesty International. 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