{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:15:37Z","timestamp":1777932937902,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article we describe a grounded theory study of how caregivers of school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) managed their children\u2019s schooling. We completed 30 interviews with 17 caregivers residing in a western Canadian province, as well as document analysis and 25 hours of participant observation. We used constant comparative analysis to construct our substantive theory: intertwining to fit in. The core variable is an iterative cycle caregivers used to resolve their main concerns: preventing their children from failing academically and in social interactions and preventing themselves from being regarded as unacceptable parents. To intertwine to fit in, caregivers used two strategies: orchestrating schooling and keeping up appearances. They also regulated their relationships with their children. \u201cIntertwining to fit in\u201d contributes to the literature on attachment and parenting and extends explanations about caregivers\u2019 advocacy for their children with FASD. The theory has implications for school personnel and practitioners, as well as researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314545497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T04:17:38Z","timestamp":1406780258000},"page":"1540-1552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Caregivers\u2019 Management of Schooling for Their Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Suretha","family":"Swart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.23.3.406"},{"key":"bibr2-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.5.499"},{"key":"bibr3-1049732314545497","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of human behavior","volume":"4","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr4-1049732314545497","volume-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: Guidelines for referral and diagnosis","author":"Bertrand J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr5-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9604.2010.01452.x"},{"key":"bibr6-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243206298178"},{"key":"bibr7-1049732314545497","volume-title":"Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method","author":"Blumer H.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr8-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.04.007"},{"key":"bibr9-1049732314545497","volume-title":"Making human beings human: Bio-ecological perspectives on human development","author":"Bronfenbrenner U.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr10-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-007-9172-z"},{"key":"bibr11-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037060410000632"},{"key":"bibr12-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eog.09.35"},{"key":"bibr13-1049732314545497","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Interdisciplinary clinical assessment of young children with developmental disabilities","author":"Clarren S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr14-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.58.1.83"},{"key":"bibr15-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162201000962"},{"key":"bibr16-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250601031930"},{"key":"bibr17-1049732314545497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603110600668611"},{"key":"bibr18-1049732314545497","unstructured":"Duquette C., Stodel E. 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