{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:18:12Z","timestamp":1777933092275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]],"date-time":"2016-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined factors that mitigate or heighten HIV risk among HIV-negative wives in serodiscordant relationships in Gujarat, India. Grounded theory was used to analyze 46 interviews (23 couples) where husbands were HIV-positive and wives were HIV-negative. A conceptual framework emerged from analysis from which we identified five pathways and four key behaviors: (a) safer sex, (b) no sex, (c) coercive sex, and (d) unprotected sex. Most couples either practiced safe sex or abstained from sex. Factors such as wives\u2019 assertiveness, a wife\u2019s fear of acquiring HIV, mutual understanding, positive sex communication, and a husband\u2019s desire to protect wife influenced safe sex\/sexual abstinence. Factors such as desire for children, a husband\u2019s alcohol use, and intimate partner violence influenced coercive and unprotected sex. Counseling topics on sex communication, verbal and non-verbal safer sex strategies, as well as addressing intimate partner violence and alcohol use may be important in preventing risk to HIV-negative wives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315626694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T21:29:47Z","timestamp":1454621387000},"page":"1531-1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pathways That Affect Wives\u2019 HIV Risk Among Serodiscordant Couples in India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shilpa N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique M.","family":"Hennink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle E.","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Yount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayesh K.","family":"Kosambiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina M.","family":"Wingood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Sutton-Brown-Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"McCarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Windle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049732315626694","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303280-00012"},{"key":"bibr2-1049732315626694","first-page":"2","volume":"9","author":"Beyeza-Kashesya J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"key":"bibr3-1049732315626694","unstructured":"Bhatt H. (2011, July 23). Surat fourth fastest growing city in the world. The Times of India. 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