{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:22:29Z","timestamp":1777929749469,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005713","name":"Office of the Secretary of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GW170039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GW170039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Operations Desert Shield and Storm occurred over 30\u00a0years ago, yet many of those who were deployed continue to experience chronic and debilitating symptoms, now recognized as Gulf War Illness (GWI). While efforts have been made to explore clinical treatments for GWI, misperceptions and skepticism about its complex nature and a lack of consensus on its etiology impede progress in this area. A critical necessity remains to better understand the experiences, needs, and concerns of veterans with GWI. In this qualitative research study, 40 Gulf War veterans were interviewed about their perceptions regarding symptoms of physical health, cognitive functioning, quality of life, and the quality of care received. In addition, they depicted their experiences through an artistic elicitation collage. Through a grounded theory method, key findings indicated that there are remaining hurdles, such as challenging symptoms, persisting unknowns about the illness, and variations in treatment quality. Veterans have mostly managed and coped with GWI, but they voice the need for acknowledgment and support. The main implication from this study is the significance of both clinical and institutional validation and recognition of the GWI experience as well as the need for specific support systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323231213818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T13:27:46Z","timestamp":1701264466000},"page":"411-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Living With Toxic Wounds: The Voices and Visual Self-Representations of Gulf War Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekka","family":"Dieterich-Hartwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6995-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bani","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Arslanbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryann","family":"DeBeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional VHA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tabitha","family":"Alverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for Suicide Prevention, Rocky Mountain Regional VHA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girija","family":"Kaimal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199353996.003.0004"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr2-10497323231213818","first-page":"212","volume":"36","author":"Baldwin N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Federal Practitioner"},{"key":"bibr3-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumeister R. F., Leary M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation (pp. 57\u201389). Interpersonal development.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351153683-3"},{"key":"bibr4-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114211"},{"key":"bibr200-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.04.004"},{"key":"bibr5-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.06.003"},{"key":"bibr6-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119818"},{"key":"bibr7-10497323231213818","first-page":"285","volume":"273","author":"Corbin J. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handbook of Qualitative Research"},{"key":"bibr8-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794106065007"},{"key":"bibr9-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00005"},{"key":"bibr13-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228574"},{"key":"bibr14-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2018.10.003"},{"key":"bibr15-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2015-0032"},{"key":"bibr16-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375092"},{"key":"bibr202-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4489"},{"key":"bibr17-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"bibr18-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10226-016"},{"key":"bibr19-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.07.011"},{"key":"bibr20-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119656"},{"key":"bibr21-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016086"},{"key":"bibr22-10497323231213818","volume-title":"Careers for women in the military","author":"McKay D. R.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr203-10497323231213818","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook","author":"Miles M. B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr23-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143997.1144308"},{"key":"bibr25-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107936"},{"key":"bibr26-10497323231213818","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Handbook of arts-based research","author":"Scotti V.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr27-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00752-5"},{"key":"bibr28-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091132"},{"key":"bibr201-10497323231213818","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Handbook of qualitative research","author":"Strauss A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr29-10497323231213818","volume-title":"SAMHSA\u2019s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr30-10497323231213818","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs (2022, October 12). Reasearch on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses. https:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/exposures\/publications\/military-exposures\/meyh-2\/definition.asp"},{"key":"bibr31-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.08.022"},{"key":"bibr32-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119219"},{"key":"bibr33-10497323231213818","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-017-9579-7"}],"container-title":["Qualitative Health Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497323231213818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10497323231213818","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497323231213818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497323231213818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:52:42Z","timestamp":1777679562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10497323231213818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10497323231213818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10497323231213818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-7323","1552-7557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-7323","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}}}