{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:42:44Z","timestamp":1781790164493,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Healthy eating (HE) and pro-eating disorder (pro-ED) websites are popular sources of dietary and weight loss information, social support, and lifestyle inspiration. However, the discursive styles and language used by authors\/moderators and users of these two site genres have not been widely studied or compared. Forty-three HE websites and twenty-four pro-ED websites were analysed using Fairclough\u2019s model of critical discourse analysis. Findings indicate that sites share common characteristics in terms of power relations played out by authors, \u2018successful\u2019 dieters, and those attending these sites. These power plays encourage moral and spiritual commitment to the care of one\u2019s body, with authoritative language used to support readers\u2019 loyalty and adherence to dietary plans. On HE sites, medicinal properties were attributed to \u2018clean\u2019 or \u2018pure\u2019 foods, whereas pro-ED sites conveyed their importance for weight reduction. Healthy eating sites were largely entrepreneurial, promoting products or themselves. Pro-eating disorder sites typically featured discussions of bodily disgust, the chastisement of others, and self-discipline in the name of \u2018Ana\u2019, such that dieting came to be framed as part of a devotional, often punitive, body project. On both sites, morality discourses were gendered around the thin female body and the \u2018ideal mother\u2019, with occasional praise for muscular male bodies. Our findings indicate how transitioning from healthy eating preoccupations to eating disorders may be facilitated by normalising discussions about restrictive dieting and the shaming of bodies, overseen by self-appointed diet \u2018experts\u2019 and \u2018buddies\u2019 online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323241238628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T04:27:55Z","timestamp":1711427275000},"page":"1216-1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["\u2018You Are Not Alone, We\u2019ve Got You\u2019: Power Plays, Devotion, and Punishment on Healthy Eating and Pro-Eating Disorder Websites"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Tragantzopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Fixsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Ridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7920-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Cheshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-021-09633-6"},{"key":"bibr2-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848607927.n6"},{"key":"bibr3-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/9781802624656"},{"key":"bibr4-10497323241238628","volume-title":"The dialogic imagination: Four essays","author":"Bakhtin M. M.","year":"1981"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr5-10497323241238628","first-page":"156","volume":"62","author":"Barthels F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ernahrungs Umschau"},{"key":"bibr6-10497323241238628","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on resistance","author":"Bartky S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr7-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Femininity & domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression","author":"Bartky S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr8-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.02.010"},{"key":"bibr9-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3504"},{"key":"bibr10-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22244"},{"key":"bibr11-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22403"},{"key":"bibr101-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body","author":"Bordo S.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr12-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.172700"},{"key":"bibr102-10497323241238628","first-page":"159","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry","author":"Charland L. D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr13-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23963\/cnp.2016.1.1.3"},{"key":"bibr14-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104798"},{"key":"bibr15-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Discourse in late modernity: Rethinking critical discourse analysis","author":"Chouliaraki L.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"9811","key":"bibr16-10497323241238628","first-page":"110","volume":"379","author":"Christodoulou M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet (British Edition)"},{"key":"bibr103-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Mental health user narratives: New perspectives on illness and recovery","author":"Cohen B. M. Z.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr17-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-7123(80)90804-4"},{"key":"bibr18-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2020.1736118"},{"key":"bibr19-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001900421X"},{"key":"bibr20-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589230701838321"},{"key":"bibr100-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S108912"},{"key":"bibr21-10497323241238628","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Obesity, eating disorders and the media","author":"Donghi P.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr22-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.12.006"},{"key":"bibr23-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Body panic gender, health, and the selling of fitness","author":"Dworkin S. L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr24-10497323241238628","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Foucault, health and medicine","author":"Eckermann L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr25-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dat063"},{"key":"bibr26-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Discourse and social change","author":"Fairclough N.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr27-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Designing for disorder: Instagram\u2019s pro-eating disorder bubble","author":"Fairplay","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr28-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83745-7_7"},{"key":"bibr104-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051221095444"},{"key":"bibr29-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320911364"},{"key":"bibr30-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317728053"},{"key":"bibr31-10497323241238628","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Power\/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr32-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Discipline & punish","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1977","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr33-10497323241238628","volume-title":"The history of sexuality, Volume 1: An introduction","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr105-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison","author":"Foucault M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr106-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Madness and civilisation","author":"Foucault M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr34-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison","author":"Foucault M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr35-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Power: The essential works of Michel Foucault 1954-1984","author":"Foucault M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr36-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/053901847000900108"},{"key":"bibr37-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-015-0242-8"},{"key":"bibr107-10497323241238628","volume-title":"The storytelling animal: How stories make us human","author":"Gottschall J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr38-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459311403947"},{"key":"bibr39-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12477"},{"key":"bibr40-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIMA.2009.021951"},{"key":"bibr41-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511998126"},{"key":"bibr42-10497323241238628","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art","author":"Kristeva J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr43-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyab040"},{"key":"bibr44-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Control under surveillance capitalism: From Bentham\u2019s panopticon to Zuckerberg\u2019s \u201cLike\u201d","author":"Lawrence M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr45-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2010.491054"},{"key":"bibr46-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.07.017"},{"key":"bibr47-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042186"},{"key":"bibr48-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8064-7"},{"key":"bibr49-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.685545"},{"key":"bibr50-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.06.030"},{"key":"bibr51-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.07.034"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr52-10497323241238628","first-page":"37","volume":"23","author":"Nicolosi G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tailoring Biotechnologies"},{"key":"bibr53-10497323241238628","volume-title":"What\u2019s in our food and on our mind - ingredient and dinning-out trends around the world","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr108-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20305"},{"key":"bibr54-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Hunger strike: The anorectic\u2019s struggle as a metaphor for our age","author":"Orbach S.","year":"1986","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr55-10497323241238628","first-page":"49","volume":"3","author":"Overbeke G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mind Matters: The Wesleyan Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"bibr56-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481314537578"},{"key":"bibr57-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Narrative power: The struggle for human value","author":"Plummer K.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr58-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/symb.449"},{"key":"bibr59-10497323241238628","volume-title":"An investigation into the illusion of safety Construct of orthorexia nervosa","author":"Poirier H. P.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr60-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4548"},{"key":"bibr61-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12508"},{"key":"bibr62-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000169"},{"key":"bibr63-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1414-32832011005000018"},{"key":"bibr64-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17538150903358784"},{"key":"bibr65-10497323241238628","volume-title":"Capitalizing on the shifting consumer food value equation","author":"Ringquist J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr66-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2021.01.008"},{"key":"bibr67-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.12.005"},{"key":"bibr68-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481319835643"},{"key":"bibr69-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.105949"},{"key":"bibr70-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2020.1755279"},{"key":"bibr71-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003926"},{"key":"bibr72-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1133"},{"key":"bibr73-10497323241238628","author":"Wiseman E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Guardian"},{"key":"bibr74-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X12474278"},{"key":"bibr75-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315570123"},{"key":"bibr76-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2012.699889"},{"key":"bibr77-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816563-8.00002-4"},{"key":"bibr78-10497323241238628","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2015.5"},{"key":"bibr79-10497323241238628","volume-title":"The age of surveillance capitalism the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power","author":"Zuboff S.","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Qualitative Health Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497323241238628","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10497323241238628","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10497323241238628","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:52:58Z","timestamp":1777679578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10497323241238628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10497323241238628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10497323241238628","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-7323","1552-7557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-7323","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]}}}