{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:53:45Z","timestamp":1790790825258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Health Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Six qualitative studies have been carried out to better understand courage among individuals who range in age from 14 to 94 years and are experiencing a variety of lingering threats to their well-being. The purpose of this meta-interpretation was to synthesize those works and further delineate an emergent formal theory of courage. Based on the findings, courage is a dynamic phenomenon that is precipitated by a perceived threat. The ability to be courageous develops over time and includes efforts to fully accept reality, problem solve based on discernment, and push beyond ongoing struggles. Courageous behavior is characterized by efforts to be productive, make contributions, and help others and results in a sense of personal integrity and thriving. Courage is promoted and sustained by several interrelated intrapersonal and interpersonal forces as well as the reflective awareness that one has developed a courageous persona.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104973299129122298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,27]],"date-time":"2004-05-27T09:01:14Z","timestamp":1085648474000},"page":"803-814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Courage as a Process of Pushing Beyond the Struggle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Finfgeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinclair School of Nursing at the University of Missouri-Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Asarian, R. D. (1981). The psychology of courage: A human scientific investigation (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University).\n                      Dissertation Abstracts International\n                      ,\n                      42\n                      , 2023B."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Cuff, W. T. (1993). The experience of courage and the characteristics of courageous people (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota).\n                      Dissertation Abstracts International\n                      ,\n                      53\n                      , 5408B."},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Finfgeld, D. L. (1992). Courage in the chronically ill elderly: A grounded theory study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin).\n                      Dissertation Abstracts International\n                      ,\n                      53\n                      , 1783B."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612849509042959"},{"issue":"17","key":"atypb5","volume":"2","author":"Finfgeld, D. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Online Journal of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"153","volume":"30","author":"Finfgeld, D. L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Nursing Research"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Coping with chronic illness: Overcoming powerlessness","author":"Finfgeld, D. L."},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Haase, J. E. (1985). The components of courage in chronically ill adolescents: A phenomenological study (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Woman\u2019s University).\n                      Dissertation Abstracts International\n                      ,\n                      46\n                      , 1869B."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-198701000-00010"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Self-psychology and the humanities","author":"Kohut, H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"The courage to create","author":"May, R.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Merriam-Webster\u2019s collegiate dictionary","author":"Merriam-Webster","year":"1998","edition":"10"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985000"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-199408000-00007"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031819100021045"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770180211"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques","author":"Strauss, A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"The courage to be","author":"Tillich, P.","year":"1952"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520332997"}],"container-title":["Qualitative Health Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104973299129122298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104973299129122298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:55:43Z","timestamp":1777679743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/104973299129122298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/104973299129122298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104973299129122298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-7323","1552-7557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-7323","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}}}