{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:52:29Z","timestamp":1790301149076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Hosp Palliat Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenobarbital is used in hospice and palliative care to treat refractory symptoms. In end-of-life care, Food and Drug Administration approved routes of administration may be unreasonable based on patients\u2019 status. In these cases, phenobarbital may be administered subcutaneously for symptom management. However, according to the American Hospital Formulary Service, subcutaneous administration of commercially available injectable phenobarbital is cautioned due to possible skin reactions. This study evaluates the tolerability of phenobarbital administered subcutaneously. Of 69 patients and 774 distinct subcutaneous phenobarbital injections, 2 site reactions were recorded (2.9% of patients; 0.3% of injections). Both were mild, grade 1 reactions. Each patient continued to receive subcutaneous phenobarbital via newly placed ports with no additional reactions. Based on these findings, phenobarbital appears to be well tolerated when administered subcutaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909114555157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T22:50:28Z","timestamp":1417647028000},"page":"209-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evaluation of Subcutaneous Phenobarbital Administration in Hospice Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jessica Richards","family":"Hosgood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HospiScript, a Catamaran Company, Dublin, OH, USA"},{"name":"The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Kimbrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HospiScript, a Catamaran Company, Dublin, OH, USA"},{"name":"Ohio Northern University, College of Pharmacy, Ada, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget McCrate","family":"Protus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HospiScript, a Catamaran Company, Dublin, OH, USA"},{"name":"The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis A.","family":"Grauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HospiScript, a Catamaran Company, Dublin, OH, USA"},{"name":"The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00412-2"},{"key":"bibr2-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921698671831786"},{"key":"bibr3-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2006.0139"},{"key":"bibr4-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.3795"},{"key":"bibr5-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.04.020"},{"key":"bibr6-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2005.02.003"},{"key":"bibr7-1049909114555157","volume-title":"The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care","author":"Dickman A","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr8-1049909114555157","first-page":"181","volume":"2","author":"Rousseau P","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"bibr9-1049909114555157","volume-title":"Hospice and Palliative Care Formulary USA","author":"Twycross R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr10-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00006-8"},{"key":"bibr11-1049909114555157","unstructured":"Phenobarbital. In: STAT!Ref Online Electronic Medical Library. AHFS Drug Information - 56th Ed. Bethesda, MD; American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. http:\/\/online.statref.com. Updated November 5, 2014. Accessed November 23, 2014."},{"key":"bibr12-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J011v15n02_01"},{"key":"bibr13-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(05)80007-7"},{"key":"bibr14-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200100235"},{"key":"bibr15-1049909114555157","unstructured":"HomeReach Hospice. Delirium criteria for treatment regimens. HomeReach Hospice Symptom Management Protocols. Columbus, OH: Riverside Methodist Hospital, OhioHealth; 4 2008; pp. 19\u201320."},{"key":"bibr16-1049909114555157","volume-title":"Procedure for the Administration of Subcutaneous Infusions and Intermittent Medications via an Indwelling Subcutaneously Placed Butterfly. Riverside Methodist Hospital Nursing Policy\/Procedure","author":"HomeReach Hospice","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr17-1049909114555157","unstructured":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Safety Reporting and Pharmacovigilance. Toxicity Tables: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) Adult Toxicity Tables - Draft. November 2007. http:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/LabsAndResources\/resources\/DMIDClinRsrch\/Documents\/dmidadulttox.pdf. Updated March 17, 2013. Accessed July 27, 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr18-1049909114555157","first-page":"138","volume":"13","author":"Graham F","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Palliative Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-1049909114555157","first-page":"125","volume":"15","author":"Pickard J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Palliative Care"},{"key":"bibr20-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216311428096"},{"key":"bibr21-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216306070755"},{"key":"bibr22-1049909114555157","author":"Gurschick L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"bibr23-1049909114555157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.21.1773"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1049909114555157","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1049909114555157","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1049909114555157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:29:25Z","timestamp":1777368565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1049909114555157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1049909114555157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049909114555157","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-9091","1938-2715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-9091","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]}}}