{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:31:13Z","timestamp":1793320273311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4MD008149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4MD008149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Hosp Palliat Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Published research in disparities in advance care planning, palliative, and end-of-life care is limited. However, available data points to significant barriers to palliative and end-of-life care among minority adults. The main objective of this scoping review was to summarize the current published research and literature on disparities in palliative and hospice care and completion of advance care planning and directives among non-Hispanc Blacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoping review method was used because currently published research in disparities in palliative and hospice cares as well as advance care planning are limited. Nine electronic databases and websites were searched to identify English-language peer-reviewed publications published within last 20 years. A total of 147 studies that addressed palliative care, hospice care, and advance care planning and included non-Hispanic Blacks were incorporated in this study. The literature review include manuscripts that discuss the intersection of social determinants of health and end-of-life care for non-Hispanic Blacks. We examined the potential role and impact of several factors, including knowledge regarding palliative and hospice care; healthcare literacy; communication with providers and family; perceived or experienced discrimination with healthcare systems; mistrust in healthcare providers; health care coverage, religious-related activities and beliefs on palliative and hospice care utilization and completion of advance directives among non-Hispanic Blacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional and longitudinal national surveys, as well as local community- and clinic-based data, unequivocally point to major disparities in palliative and hospice care in the United States. Results suggest that national and community-based, multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary, theoretical-based, resourceful, culturally-sensitive interventions are urgently needed. A number of practical investigational interventions are offered. Additionally, we identify several research questions which need to be addressed in future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120966585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T12:55:33Z","timestamp":1607604933000},"page":"688-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Disparities in Palliative and Hospice Care and Completion of Advance Care Planning and Directives Among Non-Hispanic Blacks: A Scoping Review of Recent Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6153-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Bazargan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Bazargan-Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"bibr2-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050"},{"key":"bibr3-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4"},{"key":"bibr4-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.19.00767"},{"key":"bibr5-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222820904205"},{"key":"bibr6-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2020.42399"},{"key":"bibr7-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120922779"},{"key":"bibr8-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Exploring the Lived Experience of Decision-Making among Family Caregivers of Black Older Adults with Advanced Chronic Illnesses","author":"Lundy TL","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr9-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104555"},{"key":"bibr10-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0542"},{"key":"bibr11-1049909120966585","first-page":"1","author":"Paredes AZ","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"bibr12-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2019.05.013"},{"key":"bibr13-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018121256"},{"key":"bibr14-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.06.011"},{"key":"bibr15-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216319887070"},{"key":"bibr16-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0436"},{"key":"bibr17-1049909120966585","first-page":"1","author":"Flieger SP","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Int Med"},{"key":"bibr18-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.4_suppl.28"},{"key":"bibr19-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119843276"},{"key":"bibr20-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S147895151800038X"},{"key":"bibr21-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119848148"},{"key":"bibr22-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2019.03.008"},{"key":"bibr23-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.e18108"},{"key":"bibr24-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.04.006"},{"key":"bibr25-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1078"},{"key":"bibr26-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.100331"},{"key":"bibr27-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.8105"},{"key":"bibr28-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222817691286"},{"key":"bibr29-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951519000403"},{"key":"bibr30-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.11.014"},{"key":"bibr31-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0312"},{"key":"bibr32-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick H. Advance care planning interventions for racially and ethnically diverse populations: a literature review. DNP Qualifying Manuscripts. 19. 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr33-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15656","volume":"67","author":"Kang JH","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"bibr34-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Jones L. Barriers and solutions to advance directive creation for adult oncology patients: a literature review. Senior Honors Thesis. School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 2019."},{"key":"bibr35-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0825859718810718"},{"key":"bibr36-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100485"},{"key":"bibr37-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.10.510"},{"key":"bibr38-1049909120966585","volume":"22","author":"Ejem DB","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"bibr39-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019835335"},{"key":"bibr40-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7633"},{"key":"bibr41-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.012"},{"key":"bibr42-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky241"},{"key":"bibr43-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05132-1"},{"key":"bibr44-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Shreenivas AV. Racial disparities in palliative and hospice care beliefs of lung cancer patients, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. PhD dissertation. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; 2018."},{"key":"bibr45-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15228"},{"key":"bibr46-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116677021"},{"key":"bibr47-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-116147"},{"key":"bibr48-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbw155"},{"key":"bibr49-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0152"},{"key":"bibr50-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.04.014"},{"key":"bibr51-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-017-0670-9"},{"key":"bibr52-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.34_suppl.57"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr53-1049909120966585","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"Blue B","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr54-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00443"},{"key":"bibr55-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31737"},{"key":"bibr56-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0374"},{"key":"bibr57-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017121297"},{"key":"bibr58-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1044389418809083"},{"key":"bibr59-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20171002-02"},{"key":"bibr60-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116631776"},{"key":"bibr61-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659615600764"},{"key":"bibr62-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Hospice and African American Referrals: Perceptions of Non-Physician Medical Providers","author":"Mills TC","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr63-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0325"},{"key":"bibr64-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002762"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr65-1049909120966585","first-page":"174","volume":"23","author":"Sangarlangkarn A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"bibr66-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3926"},{"key":"bibr67-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2016.1229709"},{"key":"bibr68-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0326"},{"key":"bibr69-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0334"},{"key":"bibr70-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0319"},{"key":"bibr71-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000447097"},{"key":"bibr72-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Hospice and African Americans: Exploring Barriers to Effective End-of-Life Care","author":"Lifsey GJ","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr73-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.008"},{"key":"bibr74-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0014"},{"key":"bibr75-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2015.1072886"},{"key":"bibr76-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.09.008"},{"key":"bibr77-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909113486170"},{"key":"bibr78-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28970"},{"key":"bibr79-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951512000417"},{"key":"bibr80-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12134"},{"key":"bibr81-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0b013e31827951f3"},{"key":"bibr82-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2011.653081"},{"key":"bibr83-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2013.9468"},{"key":"bibr84-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gns128"},{"key":"bibr85-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/13.CJON.376-380"},{"key":"bibr86-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112457455"},{"key":"bibr87-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2012.0027"},{"key":"bibr88-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.65.2.c"},{"key":"bibr89-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2012.08.012"},{"key":"bibr90-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2012.0151"},{"key":"bibr91-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.07.021"},{"key":"bibr92-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2011.0328"},{"key":"bibr93-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2012.08.008"},{"key":"bibr94-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312449185"},{"key":"bibr95-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0b013e31821adb18"},{"key":"bibr96-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909110398005"},{"key":"bibr97-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0b013e3182020520"},{"key":"bibr98-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2010.0380"},{"key":"bibr99-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.63.1.a"},{"key":"bibr100-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2010.0426"},{"key":"bibr101-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909110372087"},{"key":"bibr102-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.322"},{"key":"bibr103-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/IL.17.2.c"},{"key":"bibr104-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02090.x"},{"key":"bibr105-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0952-6"},{"key":"bibr106-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/33.4.267"},{"key":"bibr107-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2007.0224"},{"key":"bibr108-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.8452"},{"key":"bibr109-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2007.05.001"},{"key":"bibr110-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01919.x"},{"key":"bibr111-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027508316618"},{"key":"bibr112-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31547-9"},{"key":"bibr113-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Literature Review on Advance Directives","author":"Wilkinson A","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr114-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2006.9.183"},{"key":"bibr115-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/8C1Y-CPWA-132N-UWXY"},{"key":"bibr116-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.06.004"},{"key":"bibr117-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53357.x"},{"key":"bibr118-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm3002_10"},{"key":"bibr119-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01253.x"},{"key":"bibr120-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50073.x"},{"key":"bibr121-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973201129119172"},{"key":"bibr122-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.19.2518"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr123-1049909120966585","first-page":"118","volume":"9","author":"McNeal GJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cult Divers"},{"key":"bibr124-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216302pm600xx"},{"key":"bibr125-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.080"},{"key":"bibr126-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/QQKG-EPFA-A2FN-GHVL"},{"key":"bibr127-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109662104773709369"},{"key":"bibr128-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860412331303829"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr129-1049909120966585","first-page":"933","volume":"96","author":"Moseley KL","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr130-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004045-200403000-00007"},{"key":"bibr131-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000031350.56924.cc"},{"key":"bibr132-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000215858.37118.65"},{"key":"bibr133-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00572.x"},{"key":"bibr134-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.04.008"},{"key":"bibr135-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0487-7"},{"key":"bibr136-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154230500806200122"},{"key":"bibr137-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20320"},{"key":"bibr138-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.11.007"},{"key":"bibr139-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2008.05.002"},{"key":"bibr140-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909109349942"},{"key":"bibr141-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq093"},{"key":"bibr142-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909111423804"},{"key":"bibr143-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112450941"},{"key":"bibr144-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909113494462"},{"key":"bibr145-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909112469274"},{"key":"bibr146-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2006.9.268"},{"key":"bibr147-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909113507127"},{"key":"bibr148-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909117733473"},{"key":"bibr149-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0179"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr150-1049909120966585","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Bazargan M","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Racial Ethnic Health Disparities"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr151-1049909120966585","first-page":"196","volume":"28","author":"Casey D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medsurg Nursing"},{"key":"bibr152-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Center to Advance Palliative Care. State Definition and Standards. Published 2019. Accessed June 2020. https:\/\/wwwcapcorg\/documents\/133\/"},{"key":"bibr153-1049909120966585","unstructured":"National Institute on Again. What are palliative care and hospice care? Updated October 2017. Accessed June 2020. https:\/\/wwwnianihgov\/health\/what-are-palliative-care-and-hospice-care#hospice"},{"key":"bibr154-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.REO.0000000000000187"},{"key":"bibr155-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-40651-6_10"},{"key":"bibr156-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-012-1564-y"},{"key":"bibr157-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","author":"Buss MK","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr158-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2010.0281"},{"key":"bibr159-1049909120966585","first-page":"1938","author":"Mehta AK","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"bibr160-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1135"},{"key":"bibr161-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216318812633"},{"key":"bibr162-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16840"},{"key":"bibr163-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1783"},{"key":"bibr164-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2016.0330"},{"key":"bibr165-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216319870649"},{"key":"bibr166-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2925"},{"key":"bibr167-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0367"},{"key":"bibr168-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0029"},{"key":"bibr169-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-019-0183-9"},{"key":"bibr170-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.09.008"},{"key":"bibr171-1049909120966585","unstructured":"National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care. National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. 4th ed. National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care; 2018. Accessed November 2020. https:\/\/wwwnationalcoalitionhpcorg\/ncp\/"},{"key":"bibr172-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.11.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr173-1049909120966585","first-page":"S746","volume":"3","author":"Gardner DS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"bibr174-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05142-z"},{"key":"bibr175-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran C. The effect of the timing of a hospice referral and the perceived quality of care by the family. Nursing | Senior Theses. 2; 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33015\/dominican.edu\/2020.NURS.ST.12","DOI":"10.33015\/dominican.edu\/2020.NURS.ST.12"},{"key":"bibr176-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2019.09.017"},{"key":"bibr177-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16242"},{"key":"bibr178-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10966210252785042"},{"key":"bibr179-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1096621041349518"},{"key":"bibr180-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7408.195"},{"key":"bibr181-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0475"},{"key":"bibr182-1049909120966585","volume-title":"A Religious Portrait of African Americans","author":"Sahgal N","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr183-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951517000955"},{"key":"bibr184-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315620153"},{"key":"bibr185-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0238"},{"key":"bibr186-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0055"},{"key":"bibr187-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180117000469"},{"key":"bibr188-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0310"},{"key":"bibr189-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216309106313"},{"key":"bibr190-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2017.01.013"},{"key":"bibr191-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.03.014"},{"key":"bibr192-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2007.0172"},{"key":"bibr193-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2007.0070"},{"key":"bibr194-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2018.09.011"},{"key":"bibr195-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347332.2018.1466845"},{"key":"bibr196-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.02.024"},{"key":"bibr197-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000306"},{"key":"bibr198-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.16.0284"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr199-1049909120966585","first-page":"1689","volume":"155","author":"Singer PA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr200-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1345"},{"key":"bibr201-1049909120966585","volume-title":"AMA Backs Advance Care Planning by Patients","author":"American Medical Association","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr202-1049909120966585","volume-title":"End-of-life Decisions: Views of the BMA","author":"British Medical Association","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr203-1049909120966585","unstructured":"American Medical Association. Advance Care Planning. 2020. Updated September 2019. Accessed November 2020. https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/delivering-care\/ethics\/advance-care-planning"},{"key":"bibr204-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0335"},{"key":"bibr205-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000993"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr206-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-118690","volume":"53","author":"Nauck F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"bibr207-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14748"},{"key":"bibr208-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109662102320880516"},{"key":"bibr209-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11351015"},{"key":"bibr210-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116636614"},{"key":"bibr211-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2009.09.027"},{"key":"bibr212-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.01.008"},{"key":"bibr213-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2004.02.002"},{"key":"bibr214-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.006"},{"key":"bibr215-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2014.0368"},{"key":"bibr216-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000025"},{"key":"bibr217-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20181212-02"},{"key":"bibr218-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027517697116"},{"key":"bibr219-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14800"},{"key":"bibr220-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119843276"},{"key":"bibr221-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH14152"},{"key":"bibr222-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14261217"},{"key":"bibr223-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1533521"},{"key":"bibr224-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0550"},{"key":"bibr225-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12063"},{"key":"bibr226-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-17-00078"},{"key":"bibr227-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31827310a1"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr228-1049909120966585","first-page":"1532","volume":"98","author":"Benkert R","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr229-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjx029"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr230-1049909120966585","first-page":"56","volume":"87","author":"Roy B","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr231-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2990\/1471-5457(2004)23[60:AAOAHR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr232-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733016652449"},{"key":"bibr233-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2018.1539222"},{"key":"bibr234-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.016"},{"key":"bibr235-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481702400112"},{"key":"bibr236-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.08.008"},{"key":"bibr237-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680109400909"},{"key":"bibr238-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13644-013-0144-z"},{"key":"bibr239-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-017-0239-3"},{"key":"bibr240-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services","author":"United States Conference of Catholic Bishops","year":"2020","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr241-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.6.899"},{"key":"bibr242-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0973-8"},{"key":"bibr243-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0209"},{"key":"bibr244-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/62.2.S135"},{"key":"bibr245-1049909120966585","volume-title":"Religion in the Lives of African Americans: Social, Psychological, and Health Perspectives","author":"Taylor RJ","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr246-1049909120966585","first-page":"319","volume":"6","author":"Noah BA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hous J Health L & Pol\u2019y"},{"key":"bibr247-1049909120966585","first-page":"521","volume":"68","author":"Tate KR","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mercer L Rev"},{"key":"bibr248-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180500455632"},{"key":"bibr249-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420920414"},{"key":"bibr250-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120916127"},{"key":"bibr251-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20170224-01"},{"key":"bibr252-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-019-09381-9"},{"key":"bibr253-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216316673548"},{"key":"bibr254-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04555-5_15"},{"key":"bibr255-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116637359"},{"key":"bibr256-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2583"},{"key":"bibr257-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-017-0350-4"},{"key":"bibr258-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-305945"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr259-1049909120966585","first-page":"353","volume":"61","author":"O\u2019Sullivan R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr260-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000697"},{"key":"bibr261-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2013.0374"},{"key":"bibr262-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2017.0125"},{"key":"bibr263-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.11.010"},{"issue":"548","key":"bibr264-1049909120966585","first-page":"310","volume":"13","author":"Vayne-Bossert P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"bibr265-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2015.0390"},{"key":"bibr266-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.12.010"},{"key":"bibr267-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.034"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr268-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000546456.63746.1b","volume":"48","author":"Murphy JL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"bibr269-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4315"},{"key":"bibr270-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2019.25.6.264"},{"key":"bibr271-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.04.008"},{"key":"bibr272-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.8107"},{"key":"bibr273-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909118813973"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr274-1049909120966585","first-page":"8","volume":"7","author":"Yang W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nev J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr275-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Advance care planning. Accessed May 19, 2020. https:\/\/wwwmedicaregov\/coverage\/advance-care-planning"},{"key":"bibr276-1049909120966585","unstructured":"Department of health care Services (Medi-Cal). Endof Life Option Act Services. August 2020. Accessed November 2020. https:\/\/files.medi-cal.ca.gov\/pubsdoco\/Publications\/masters-MTP\/Part2\/eloa.pdf"},{"key":"bibr277-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.8615"},{"key":"bibr278-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2476"},{"key":"bibr279-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.848"},{"key":"bibr280-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.REO.0000000000000199"},{"key":"bibr281-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909117753377"},{"key":"bibr282-1049909120966585","first-page":"1","author":"Rosenblatt PC","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society"},{"key":"bibr283-1049909120966585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2019.0120"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1049909120966585","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1049909120966585","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1049909120966585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:29:35Z","timestamp":1777368575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1049909120966585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":283,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1049909120966585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049909120966585","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-9091","1938-2715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-9091","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]}}}