{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:09:42Z","timestamp":1778864982796,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine Innovations in Education Intramural Grant"},{"name":"The Mosse Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Hosp Palliat Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physicians\u2019 unpreparedness to conduct conversations around serious illness creates a barrier to initiating effective goals of care conversations. Teaching primary palliative care communication skills in medical school is paramount to overcome this barrier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative, immersive primary palliative care communication skills workshop for fourth-year medical students and to incorporate professional actors with teaching experience into the medical school curriculum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An interactive, scenario-based, day-long workshop utilizing professional actors as faculty was developed and conducted multiple times annually for 4\u00a0years. Students completed online surveys before, immediately after, and 3-6\u00a0months after the workshop. Likert scales assessed student self-perceived comfort with skills learned and short response queries evaluated student experiences. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA repeated measures test were used. Qualitative data was double coded and thematically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      226 students participated in the workshop; 100%. Responded to the pre-survey, 170 (75.2%) responded to the post-survey, and 133 (58.8%) responded to the post-3-6\u00a0months survey. The mean self-perceived comfort between the pre-survey and both post- and post-3-6\u00a0months surveys was statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) for all skills taught. Students reported integrating learned skills and found subjective success in their improved approaches to communication with patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An innovative primary palliative care communication skills workshop using trained professional actors improved and maintained fourth-year medical students\u2019 self-perceived primary palliative care communication skills. Widespread education of primary palliative care communication skills to medical students with trained actors as faculty could improve physician-patient communication around goals of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091251346479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T11:12:59Z","timestamp":1748949179000},"page":"775-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of an Innovative Workshop to Teach Primary Palliative Care Communication Skills to Fourth-Year Medical Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2415-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Covaleski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0028-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1809-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Linshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poornima","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Vesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and health. Published October 1 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health. Accessed April 27 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0907901"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.180"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7732"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133368"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109662101753123959"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","first-page":"e101","article-title":"Discussing prognosis with patients and their families near the end of life: impact on satisfaction with end-of-life care","volume":"3","author":"Heyland DK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heyland DK, Allan DE, Rocker G, et al. 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Published 2018. https:\/\/www.vitaltalk.org\/using-ask-tell-ask-to-make-a-recommendation\/. 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