{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:51:50Z","timestamp":1792889510243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder linked to thyroid dysfunction. There is limited knowledge of TED in Asian populations. This multicenter study characterizes the clinical features and treatment response of TED in a large Chinese cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective multicenter study included 4157 patients with TED from nine Chinese hospitals from February 2016 to July 2023. Disease severity and activity were evaluated according to the European Group on Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy standards. We examined associations of variables including sex, age, smoking status, I\n                      <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>\n                      treatment, consultation department, and geographical region with clinical outcomes. Logistic regression and nomogram models were developed to examine associations with sight-threatening TED and, in a subgroup analysis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 126), patients\u2019 responsiveness to intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 4157 patients with mean age and standard deviation (SD) 45.96 \u00b1 16.44 years. Of these, 63.6% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2644) were females. Over half (55.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2310) of participants were in the inactive phase, with a mean clinical activity score of 2.19 \u00b1 1.61 (SD) for all patients. TED severity was categorized as mild (9.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 385), moderate-to-severe (82.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3428), and sight-threatening (8.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 344). The average degree of exophthalmos was 20.04 \u00b1 5.27 mm, and 48.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2029) of patients had diplopia. Patients treated with I\n                      <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>\n                      had higher disease activity (47.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 468, vs. 43.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1379,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Coastal region patients exhibited more severe TED (sight-threatening cases: 10.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 195, vs. 7.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 147) and higher diplopia scores (1.00 \u00b1 1.10 vs. 0.86 \u00b1 1.09,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) than inland counterparts. TED severity was also greater in patients treated in Ophthalmology departments (mild cases: 6.0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 213; moderate-to-severe cases: 85.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3055) compared with Endocrinology departments (mild cases: 29.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 172; moderate-to-severe cases: 63.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 373). Nomograms had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.742 (confidence interval [CI] 0.716\u20130.768) for sight-threatening TED and 0.759 (CI 0.674\u20130.843) for IVGC therapy responsiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We characterized the clinical features and treatment response of TED in a large Chinese cohort. These findings offer valuable insights informing TED risk stratification in Asian patients and forming a foundation for future prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10507256251359559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:52:36Z","timestamp":1759949556000},"page":"1187-1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical Features of Chinese Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xukun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaobin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzhou Aier EYE Hospital, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runchuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangsheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Science, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Bahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905750"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.615993"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0479"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02054-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)72787-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470773666.ch18"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2331047.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0251"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","unstructured":"State Planning Commission NBoSoC. 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