{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:17:08Z","timestamp":1791605828998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrophages are versatile phagocytes of the innate immune system with functions ranging from pro-inflammatory to immunomodulatory. Macrophages are receptive to signals from thyroid hormones (THs). Here, we studied the role of the TH receptor (TR)\u03b11 in macrophage function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using wild type (WT) and transgenic mice with a mutation in the T3 binding domain of the TR\u03b11 (TR\u03b11PV), we generated bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and subsequently polarized them into pro-inflammatory or immunomodulatory phenotypes. The phenotype and function of the unpolarized, pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory TR\u03b11PV BMDMs was compared with the respective WT BMDMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNA sequencing revealed different expression profiles and alterations of biological pathways, including immune functions in all TR\u03b11PV BMDM phenotypes. The pro-inflammatory TR\u03b11PV BMDMs exhibited decreased marker expression associated with this phenotype, while marker expression of unpolarized and immunomodulatory TR\u03b11PV BMDMs was unaltered. Glycolysis, a characteristic of pro-inflammatory macrophages, was reduced in all three TR\u03b11PV macrophage phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, we observed that the TR\u03b11PV mutation results in phenotypical and functional different BMDMs, with most striking changes in the pro-inflammatory phenotype, underlining the significance of adequate T3-TR\u03b11 signaling in pro-inflammatory macrophage responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10507256261479514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:50:56Z","timestamp":1787133056000},"page":"1126-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diminished Pro-Inflammatory Characteristics in Murine Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages with Impaired Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha 1 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2404-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esm\u00e9e","family":"Hoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Falize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Jongejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3530-2386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheue-yann","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-guang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Bruinstroop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"van der Spek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Boelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374279-7.19001-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c200003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-2066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01930"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462"},{"issue":"105","key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"53424","article-title":"Metabolic characterization of polarized m1 and m2 bone marrow-derived macrophages using real-time extracellular flux analysis","volume":"105","author":"Van den Bossche J","year":"2015","unstructured":"14.Van den Bossche J, , Baardman J, , de Winther MPJ. Metabolic characterization of polarized m1 and m2 bone marrow-derived macrophages using real-time extracellular flux analysis. 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