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Diffusionweighted imaging (DWI) provides information about water diffusion in tissue and diffusion tensor MRI (DT\u2010MRI) about fiber direction, allowing for the identification of WMabnormalities that are not apparent on conventional MRI images. These techniques can quantitatively characterize the local microstructure of tissues. MS\u2010associated disease processes lead to regions characterized by an increased amount of water diffusion and a decrease in the anisotropy of diffusion direction. These changes have been found to produce different patterns in MS patients presenting different courses of the disease. Changes in water diffusion may allow examination of the type, appearance, enhancement, and location of lesions not readily visible by other means. Ongoing studies of MSare integrating conventional MRI and DT\u2010MRI measures with connectivity\u2010based regional assessment, aiming to provide a better understanding of the nature and the location of WM lesions. This integration and the development of novel image\u2010processing and visualization techniques may improve the understanding of WM architecture and its disruption in MS. This article presents a brief history of DWI, its basic principles and applications in the study of MS, a review of the properties and applications of DT\u2010MRI, and their use in the study of MS. In addition, this article illustrates the methodology for the analysis of DT\u2010MRI in ongoing studies of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1051228405283363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,29]],"date-time":"2005-12-29T19:37:58Z","timestamp":1135885078000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Goldberg\u2010Zimring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea U. 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