{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T22:05:56Z","timestamp":1788732356593,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"O'Brien Insitute for Public Health Research Catalyst Funds","award":["201907CTF_CPET_1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201907CTF_CPET_1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young workers (\u226425 years) face a well-documented increased risk of occupational injury, but little is known about their risk for occupational disease or how it compares to older workers, even though similar factors may contribute to both injuries and hazardous exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this mixed-methods study was to assess young workers\u2019 ability to identify carcinogens and identify factors that may be indicative of a higher risk of occupational cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a survey of young workers in Canada and the United Kingdom via Prolific to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours around carcinogenic exposures in the workplace. Participants were asked True\/False (T\/F) questions on factors affecting hazardous exposures, Likert-scale questions on workplace behaviours, and to identify carcinogens among various hazards. Scores were assigned based on ability to identify carcinogens, median scores were compared across demographics, occupational groupings, and responses. Participants were then recruited to participate in focus groups to discuss questions in further detail.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median scores were lowest among participants in (1) retail and sales, and (2) agriculture, trades and manufacturing. Regardless of occupation, the ability to identify carcinogens was low. Median carcinogen scores were lower among incorrect T\/F responses related to hazardous exposure. Many participants indicated a lack of knowledge regarding workplace hazards or how they may affect their health despite reporting receiving training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are knowledge gaps by occupational groups that highlight a need for improvements to the delivery of training to young workers in the primary sector, manufacturing, and retail and sales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815251382372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:17:54Z","timestamp":1767676674000},"page":"1212-1221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Young workers\u2019 perceptions about occupational carcinogens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert T","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Brobbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Statistics Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5398-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ela","family":"Rydz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma K","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6457-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajjad S","family":"Fazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl E","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Burden of occupational cancer in Canada: Major workplace carcinogens and prevention of exposure http:\/\/www.occupationalcancer.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/OCRC_National-Burden-Report_2019.pdf 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60648-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"WorkSafeBC. Young & new workers."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reed DB Browning SR Westneat SC et al. Personal protective equipment use and safety behaviors among farm adolescents: Gender differences and predictors of work practices. 2006.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2006.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.869232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"WorkSafeBC. WorkSafeBC releases high-risk strategies and industry initiatives for 2021\u20132023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815251319240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21081013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-025-10313-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"CAREX Canada data outputs from eWORK tool [1.0 2014-11-24]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Prolific. What is prolific and how does it work? https:\/\/participant-help.prolific.co\/hc\/en-gb\/articles\/360022523613-What-is-Prolific-and-how-does-it-work- (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada. National occupational classification https:\/\/noc.esdc.gc.ca\/Home\/Welcome\/afb94ed428384dcb926d7edac0ed6fcb?GoCTemplateCulture=en-CA (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"The R project for statistical computing. R: What is R?"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2004399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.3712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.013839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2011.555282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. Young people at work."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. 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