{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:55:19Z","timestamp":1782917719649,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AICRP on Ergonomics in Agriculture and Allied Sect"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICRP on Ergonomics in Agriculture and Allied Sect"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Precise anthropometric data are vital for ergonomic assessment and farm machinery design. Manual methods, although dependable, are labor-intensive and susceptible to error.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate a computer vision (CV) based non-contact system for anthropometric measurements, focusing on stature, vertical reach, trochanteric height, and chest circumference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An Intel RealSense D435i stereo camera with OpenCV, mediapipe captured images from three angles (front, diagonal, side) at 2.5\u20133.5\u2005m. Thirty-two participants (16 male, 16 female) were measured, with manual anthropometry as reference. Accuracy was assessed using mean absolute difference (MAD) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), while reliability was examined via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 3.0\u2005m front-facing view yielded the most accurate measurements. CV-based anthropometry slightly underestimated stature for males (1596 vs. 1646\u2005mm) and females (1456 vs. 1521\u2005mm; MAD 53\u201365\u2005mm; MAPE 3\u20134%), with excellent reliability (ICC\u2009&gt;\u20090.90, \u03b1\u2009&gt;\u20090.85). Vertical reach showed the largest bias (83\u201390\u2005mm; MAPE 4\u20135%), yet reliability remained high (ICC 0.88\u20130.91). Trochanteric height had minimal discrepancies (29\u201336\u2005mm; MAPE\u2009\u2264\u20094%) with good consistency (ICC 0.85\u20130.90). Chest circumference showed small bias (\u00b110\u2005mm; MAPE 3\u20134%) but lower reliability (ICC 0.75\u20130.80), likely due to respiration. Overall, CV measurements were reliable, non-invasive, and scalable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CV-based system offers a precise, scalable, and non-contact alternative to manual anthropometry, enabling reliable data collection for ergonomic evaluation and improved man\u2013machine compatibility in agriculture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261421913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:52:41Z","timestamp":1771609961000},"page":"802-814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anthropometry measurements of farm workers using computer vision-based multiview stereo-image sensing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiv Kumar","family":"Lohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery &amp; Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4034-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashish","family":"K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery &amp; Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8057-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navjeet","family":"Lohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Anthropometric and strength data of Indian agricultural workers for farm equipment design","author":"Gite LP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gite LP, Majumder J, Mehta CR, et al. Anthropometric and strength data of Indian agricultural workers for farm equipment design. Bhopal: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Handbook of ergonomical design of agricultural tools, equipment and work places","author":"Gite LP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gite LP, Agarwal K, Mehta CR, et al. Handbook of ergonomical design of agricultural tools, equipment and work places. New Delhi: Jain Brothers, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7269-2_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"An anthropometry of Indian female agricultural workers","volume":"31","author":"Yadav R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yadav R, Gite LP, Kaur N, et al. An anthropometry of Indian female agricultural workers. AMA Agric Mech Asia Africa Latin Am 2000; 31: 56\u201360.","journal-title":"AMA Agric Mech Asia Africa Latin Am"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2007.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2006.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthropometric considerations for farm tools\/machinery design for tribal workers of North Eastern India","volume":"12","author":"Agrawal KN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agrawal KN, Singh RKP, Satapathy KK. Anthropometric considerations for farm tools\/machinery design for tribal workers of North Eastern India. Agric Eng Int CIGR J 2010; 12: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Agric Eng Int CIGR J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Anthropometric survey of farm workers of the Ladakh region of India and its application in equipment design","volume":"16","author":"Dixit J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dixit J, Namgial D, Sharma S, et al. Anthropometric survey of farm workers of the Ladakh region of India and its application in equipment design. Agric Eng Int CIGR J 2014; 16: 80\u201388.","journal-title":"Agric Eng Int CIGR J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2022-044566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2012.674043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2022-044541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"537","volume-title":"Automatic estimation of anthropometric human body measurementsProceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2022) \u2013 4: VISAPP","author":"\u0160korv\u00e1nkov\u00e1 D","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160korv\u00e1nkov\u00e1 D, Rie\u010dick\u00fd A, Madaras M. Automatic estimation of anthropometric human body measurements. 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