{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:08:47Z","timestamp":1789664927521,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing staff show a higher-than-average prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders compared with other occupational groups. Moving hospital beds is among the most physically demanding nursing tasks. However, the influence of hospital bed design on the musculoskeletal strain experienced by nursing personnel during bed movement has not been sufficiently investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the action and compressive forces (L5\/S1) generated while moving twelve different hospital beds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight participants moved the beds along a test course resembling a hospital ward. Action forces were measured using three-dimensional force measurement grips, and a motion analysis system recorded the participants\u2019 postures during the task. Based on these recordings, compressive forces at the lumbosacral junction (L5\/S1) were calculated using the biodynamic model \u201cThe Dortmunder\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median peak action forces ranged from 157.3 N to 240.0 N during bed acceleration and from 49.6 N to 92.4 N during steady movement. In several cases, the calculated compressive forces at L5\/S1 exceeded the guideline value of 1.8 kN for 60-year-old female employees, indicating a moderately to substantially increased load for nursing staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Design features such as a fifth caster on the hospital bed can reduce physical strain. Bed movers or active casters should be employed for frequent bed transport, long-distance pushing, or when the staff includes older employees or individuals with preexisting musculoskeletal conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261429454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1774529497000},"page":"52-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Action and lumbar forces during hospital bed handling: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Backhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ergonomics and Medical Engineering, FH M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Schr\u00f6er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ergonomics and Medical Engineering, FH M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Social Accident Insurance for Health and Welfare Services, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Hinricher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ergonomics and Medical Engineering, FH M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815581933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40664-016-0150-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120805201509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2020.1857081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(02)00140-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2025.104712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2021.103252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-182812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03373892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Medical electrical equipment \u2013 Part 2-52: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of medical beds (IEC 60601-2-52:2009 + Cor.:2010 + A1:2015); German version EN 60601-2-52:2010 + AC:2011 + A1:2015","author":"DIN EN 60601-2-52:2016-04","year":"2016","unstructured":"DIN EN 60601-2-52:2016-04. Medical electrical equipment \u2013 Part 2-52: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of medical beds (IEC 60601-2-52:2009 + Cor.:2010 + A1:2015); German version EN 60601-2-52:2010 + AC:2011 + A1:2015. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06349-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Die revidierten dortmunder richtwerte","volume":"69","author":"J\u00e4ger M","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger M. Die revidierten dortmunder richtwerte. Zbl Arbeitsmed 2019; 69: 271\u2013289.","journal-title":"Zbl Arbeitsmed"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Ergonomics \u2014 Manual handling \u2014 Part 2: Pushing and pulling \u2014 Amendment 1. ISO 11228-2:2007\/Amd 1:2022","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2022","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. Ergonomics \u2014 Manual handling \u2014 Part 2: Pushing and pulling \u2014 Amendment 1. ISO 11228-2:2007\/Amd 1:2022. Geneva: ISO, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Krankenhausbetten auf dem Pr\u00fcfstand: vergleichender Produkttest f\u00fcr Gesundheitseinrichtungen","author":"M\u00fcller L","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, von der Forst M. Krankenhausbetten auf dem Pr\u00fcfstand: vergleichender Produkttest f\u00fcr Gesundheitseinrichtungen. Hamburg: Berufsgenossenschaft f\u00fcr Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW), 2023, Report No.: BGW 09-14-041. 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