{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:07:36Z","timestamp":1790816856208,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brazil is one of the leading global pork exporters, operating approximately 1100 slaughterhouses where manual labor often exposes workers to repetitive strain and poor postural conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of an exoskeleton in reducing upper-limb physical effort during dynamic, repetitive tasks common in meat processing lines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen workers performed 17 production tasks involving repeated arm elevations above 45\u00b0, both with and without the use of an exoskeleton. Muscle activity in the medial and anterior deltoids was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG). Subjective workload was assessed using the BORG scale and a usability questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the four muscles analyzed based on normalized mean values relative to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), a statistically significant reduction in activity was observed in the right medial deltoid when using the exoskeleton (p\u2009=\u20090.0440). For normalized peak values, no muscle showed statistically significant reductions (left anterior deltoid, p\u2009=\u20090.3192; left medial deltoid, p\u2009=\u20090.0552; right anterior deltoid, p\u2009=\u20090.3708; right medial deltoid, p\u2009=\u20090.0552). However, Cohen's d indicated medium-to-large effect sizes for the right and left medial deltoids and the left anterior deltoid, suggesting reduced biomechanical demand during exoskeleton-assisted tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exoskeleton demonstrated potential to reduce the load on specific muscles, indicating possible ergonomic and industrial benefits. However, limitations include the need for anthropometric adjustments and additional operating space. These findings support the device's relevance and highlight the need for further research on optimization and industrial adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261435985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T12:48:13Z","timestamp":1775134093000},"page":"443-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exoskeleton for upper limbs in meat processing industry: Influence on muscle activity and physical effort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9031-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junior C","family":"Defani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PPGEP \u2013 Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Ponta, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel Orlei","family":"Michaloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PPGEP \u2013 Postgraduate Program in Production Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Ponta, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Brazilian Animal Protein Association. Annual Report 2024 https:\/\/abpa-br.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ABPA-Relatorio-Anual-2024_capa_frango.pdf (2024 accessed 19 May 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2012-0651-2420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Anthropometry and its application in the adaptation of cutting tools for workers in a pig meat processing plant","volume":"12","author":"Lazarini RZFS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lazarini RZFS, Da Silva EP. Anthropometry and its application in the adaptation of cutting tools for workers in a pig meat processing plant. Human Factor Design 2023; 12: 178\u2013196.","journal-title":"Human Factor Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/safety11020039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among slaughterhouse workers","volume":"2","author":"Mansi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mansi S. 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