{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:21:35Z","timestamp":1783099295867,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foot ailments like plantar fasciitis are increasingly prevalent, exacerbated by improper footwear and urban environments that alter natural biomechanics, necessitating ergonomic solutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to develop an integrated ergonomic footwear design framework grounded in the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb. The goal is to translate principles of dynamics and kinematics into practical design strategies that enhance comfort, prevent injury, and improve mobility across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An interdisciplinary approach was employed, synthesizing findings from biomechanical literature, material science, and ergonomic design. The methodology involved analyzing the interaction between foot anatomy, gait mechanics, and existing footwear shortcomings to derive data-driven design principles for key components including the toe box, rocker sole, arch support, and heel counter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The framework specifies data-driven strategies: a 10\u00b0\u201315\u00b0 toe spring with lateral flexion grooves for natural joint motion; a 4\u20136\u2005mm lateral heel wedge to align posture; rigid heel counters and torsion plates for stability; and adaptive closures for dynamic fit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed framework successfully bridges the gap between biomechanical theory and practical footwear design. By prioritizing anatomical alignment and dynamic gait support, ergonomic footwear can significantly mitigate musculoskeletal stress. Future advancements should leverage technologies like 3D scanning and AI for personalized, accessible design, ultimately transforming footwear into a proactive tool for enhancing global mobility and health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261462136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:09:43Z","timestamp":1782846583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on Ergonomic Footwear Design framework informed by lower limb Biomechanical Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1903-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Zhongliang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts and Design, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, P.R. of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4433-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Lihong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts and Design, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, P.R. of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7617-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Jinyuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts and Design, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, P.R. of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0284-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Transport Mo. Statistical bulletin on the development of transportation industry in 2023 (2023 \u5e74\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u516c\u62a5). Ministry of Transport Development unit; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Understanding the Human Foot: An Illustrated Guide to Form and Function for Practitioners","author":"Earls J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Earls J. Understanding the Human Foot: An Illustrated Guide to Form and Function for Practitioners. North Atlantic Books, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Gray H. Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Classic 1860 Edition with Original Illustrations by Henry Carter (Arcturus Deluxe Reference Library): Arcturus 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2008.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.342125215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-63-1-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.19.2296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-7-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of the study on the influence of the bending stiffness of running shoe soles on the biomechanics of ankle joints in ordinary runners (\u8dd1\u978b\u978b\u5e95\u5f2f\u66f2\u521a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u8dd1\u8005\u8db3\u8e1d\u5173\u8282\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0)","author":"Meilian L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meilian L. A review of the study on the influence of the bending stiffness of running shoe soles on the biomechanics of ankle joints in ordinary runners (\u8dd1\u978b\u978b\u5e95\u5f2f\u66f2\u521a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u8dd1\u8005\u8db3\u8e1d\u5173\u8282\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0). Beijing Leather 2024: 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Beijing Leather"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Xiuling P. The effect of different toe curl on lower limb biomechanics during running(\u4e0d\u540c\u978b\u5934\u7fd8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8dd1\u6b65\u65f6\u4e0b\u80a2\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd). Masters docin.com: Ningbo University 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71247-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Hassan M Biswas S Jor A et al. Investigation of Shoe Size and Toe Box Shape Variation Effect on Skeletal Alignment of Adult Foot2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Study on the biomechanical mechanism of black toe injury caused by long-distance running (\u957f\u8dd1\u81f4\u8db3\u90e8\u9ed1\u8e07\u8dbe\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76)","volume":"44","author":"Dong S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong S, Yang S, Chengyuan Z, et al. Study on the biomechanical mechanism of black toe injury caused by long-distance running (\u957f\u8dd1\u81f4\u8db3\u90e8\u9ed1\u8e07\u8dbe\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76). Sports Science 2024; 44: 54\u201361.","journal-title":"Sports Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Yimin L Hua Z Xiaojun W et al. Assistive Technology Information Research (\u8f85\u5177\u60c5\u62a5\u7814\u7a76). Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China. China. MoCAotPsRo; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Analysis of influencing factors on upper design of footwear products (\u978b\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e2e\u9762\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790)","volume":"44","author":"Changsheng Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Changsheng Y, Xiaobin X, Wenyan L. Analysis of influencing factors on upper design of footwear products (\u978b\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e2e\u9762\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790). China Leather 2015; 44: 40\u20132.","journal-title":"China Leather"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Wei Y Zhongyi L. inventorsA curved sole and shoe (\u4e00\u79cd\u5f27\u5f62\u978b\u5e95\u53ca\u978b\u5b50). China2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517753972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"The influence of pressure between male shoe upper surface and foot contact point on wearing comfort (\u7537\u978b\u5e2e\u9762\u4e0e\u8db3\u89e6\u70b9\u538b\u529b\u5bf9\u7a7f\u7740\u8212\u9002\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd)","volume":"32","author":"Xiangdong L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiangdong L, Siqi D, Chaohua X. The influence of pressure between male shoe upper surface and foot contact point on wearing comfort (\u7537\u978b\u5e2e\u9762\u4e0e\u8db3\u89e6\u70b9\u538b\u529b\u5bf9\u7a7f\u7740\u8212\u9002\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd). Leather Science and Engineering 2022; 32: 78\u201382.","journal-title":"Leather Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92235-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15863\/TAS.2020.09.89.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","article-title":"Design of a Modular Plantar Orthosis System through the Application of TRIZ Methodology Tools","volume":"11","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Rios LY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Rios LY, Camargo-Wilson C, Olgu\u00edn-Tiznado JE, et al. Design of a Modular Plantar Orthosis System through the Application of TRIZ Methodology Tools. Applied Sciences [Internet] 2021; 11.","journal-title":"Applied Sciences [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/designs9010015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Torsion \u2013a new concept in construction of sports shoes. Motion excursion of the foot in athletic stress\u2013anatomical and biomechanical observations and their effects on construction of sports shoes","volume":"3","author":"Segesser B","year":"1989","unstructured":"Segesser B, St\u00fcssi E, von ASM, et al. Torsion \u2013a new concept in construction of sports shoes. Motion excursion of the foot in athletic stress\u2013anatomical and biomechanical observations and their effects on construction of sports shoes. Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin 1989; 3: 167\u201382.","journal-title":"Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"9108","article-title":"Management of ankle injuries in professional basketball players: Prevalence and rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Moore ML","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore ML, Haglin JM, Hassebrock JD, et al. Management of ankle injuries in professional basketball players: Prevalence and rehabilitation. Orthopedic Reviews (Pavia) 2021; 13: 9108.","journal-title":"Orthopedic Reviews (Pavia)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Kinematic stability testing of ankle protection and torsion resistance functional footwear (\u62a4\u8e1d\u6297\u626d\u8f6c\u529f\u80fd\u978b\u9774\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5)","volume":"32","author":"Taisheng G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taisheng G, Siyi G, Qian G, et al. Kinematic stability testing of ankle protection and torsion resistance functional footwear (\u62a4\u8e1d\u6297\u626d\u8f6c\u529f\u80fd\u978b\u9774\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5). Leather Science and Engineering 2022; 32: 88\u201393. 9.","journal-title":"Leather Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Briguglio M. Sneakerbardetroit [Internet]: sneakerbardetroit.com. 2021. [cited 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/sneakerbardetroit.com\/li-ning-way-of-wade-9-release-date\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11113\/humentech.v2n2.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0319-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Petruny M. runnersworldcom [Internet]2022. [cited 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.runnersworld.com\/gear\/a40410990\/new-balance-fresh-foam-x-860-v12-review\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Product standards and quality analysis of shoes for the elderly (\u8001\u5e74\u978b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6790)","volume":"47","author":"Yongqin H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yongqin H, Lian L. Product standards and quality analysis of shoes for the elderly (\u8001\u5e74\u978b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6790). Beijing Leather 2022; 47: 48\u201353.","journal-title":"Beijing Leather"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-2592(02)00149-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Liang J. The impact of the heel height on the biomechanical characteristics of the uphill walking gait (\u8fd0\u52a8\u978b\u540e\u8ddf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5761\u884c\u8d70\u6b65\u6001\u7684\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u5f71\u54cd): Beijing Sports University; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Simmons R. Max shoes running [Internet]: maxshoesrunning.com. 2023. [cited 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/maxshoesrunning.com\/what-is-the-purpose-of-the-heel-counter-on-running-shoes\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"Zhifu S Xiaorong Z. inventors; Guangdong Weiya Sports Flying Weaving Shoe Technology Co. Ltd. assignee. A high-strength heel structure (\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u978b\u540e\u8ddf\u7ed3\u6784). China patent CN220326956U. 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Yan L. Codoon [Internet]: codoon.com. 2020. [cited 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.codoon.com\/articles\/post\/8623\/anta-unites-codoon-creates-opportunities-to-know-yourself\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Measurement of heel morphology and design of anatomical external fixator for calcaneus (\u540e\u8ddf\u90e8\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ca\u89e3\u5256\u578b\u8ddf\u9aa8\u5916\u56fa\u5b9a\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1)","volume":"34","author":"Shen X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen X, Zeyu Z, Yongqing X. Measurement of heel morphology and design of anatomical external fixator for calcaneus (\u540e\u8ddf\u90e8\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ca\u89e3\u5256\u578b\u8ddf\u9aa8\u5916\u56fa\u5b9a\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1). Chinese Journal of Reconstructive Surgery 2020; 34: 475\u201381.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821606-4.00012-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010053"}],"container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261462136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10519815261462136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261462136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:51:20Z","timestamp":1783097480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10519815261462136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10519815261462136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10519815261462136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"article-number":"10519815261462136"}}