{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:28:30Z","timestamp":1786696110818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global healthcare systems continue to face a persistent quality gap driven by fragmented and inconsistent clinical decision-making. Although competency-based medical education (CBME) frameworks define clinician roles, they provide limited practical guidance and tools for real-time decision-making. Additionally, contemporary literature failed to incorporate modern healthcare paradigms into everyday clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a structured, competency-aligned, seven-step cognitive roadmap that standardizes clinical decision-making primarily for high-stakes, acute care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employed a conceptual development methodology to synthesize evidence from cognitive psychology, clinical reasoning research, CBME frameworks, and healthcare quality paradigms. Concepts were mapped to sequential milestones and refined into cognitive schemes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The roadmap comprises seven milestones supported by structured decision aids in the form of cognitive schemes: hypothesis-driven history and physical examination; technical summarization (problem representation); a novel tri-label diagnostic framing; an innovative two-step differential diagnosis, including endotyping; rational test ordering; the 5S therapeutic scheme; and the ACT discharge planning tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The roadmap operationalizes CBME competencies into actionable cognitive schemes. Together, these tools aim to embed evidence-based practice, quality, safety, competency roles, empathy, precision medicine, and shared decision-making into everyday clinical reasoning. Future research should empirically validate their impact on diagnostic excellence, therapeutic appropriateness, and patient and staff experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261468700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T14:02:10Z","timestamp":1786456930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cA Transformational redesign of the global clinical workforce decision-making processes: Novel cognitive schemes embracing modern healthcare paradigms\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Imad Salah","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammedElfatih","family":"MohammedElamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roa Awadalla","family":"Ibrahim Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhakam Abuelbasher","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hani","family":"Mubarak Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhtar Mohamedsalih","family":"Mukhtar Abdelgadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Awadalla","family":"Ibrahim Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Abdalrahman","family":"Adam Ali Ayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija Bushra","family":"Salim Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayan Mohammed","family":"Abdullah Ishag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Tababa Knoweledge Translation Unit, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/quality-of-care#tab=tab_1. 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