{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T08:42:20Z","timestamp":1786178540225,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace mobbing is a persistent occupational hazard in medical training, undermining clinician well-being, retention and, ultimately, patient care. Concise, psychometrically sound instruments are needed for routine monitoring in high-workload settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS) among resident physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional validation study, 375 residents from internal medicine and surgical specialties at a tertiary teaching hospital in Turkey completed the Turkish LWMS. Internal consistency (Cronbach's \u03b1, McDonald's \u03c9), structural validity (one-factor confirmatory factor analysis) and convergent validity (associations with workload indicators) were assessed. Multiple linear regression examined independent predictors of mobbing exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Turkish LWMS supported a unidimensional structure with excellent fit (CFI=0.994, TLI=0.988, RMSEA=0.052; SRMR=0.022). Reliability was strong (\u03b1=0.863; \u03c9=0.864). Response distributions suggested task-related negative acts were more salient than overt public humiliation; assignment of absurd or meaningless duties was most frequently endorsed, being ridiculed in front of others was least. Weekly working hours showed modest bivariate associations with mobbing exposure, but in the adjusted model specialty group was the only significant predictor: surgical residents reported higher LWMS scores than internal medicine residents (B\u2009=\u20090.772, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Turkish LWMS is a valid, reliable and time-efficient tool for assessing workplace mobbing in residency. Rather than workload being the key driver of mobbing exposure, findings point to the role of specialty-specific organisational culture, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention efforts in high-risk departments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261472882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:05:12Z","timestamp":1785989112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Luxembourg workplace mobbing scale (LWMS) among resident physicians: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Ery\u0131lmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Izmir City Hospital, \u0130zmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olgu","family":"Ayg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Izmir City Hospital, \u0130zmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zden","family":"G\u00f6kdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Izmir University of Economics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and Health https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health (2022 accessed 22 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs PD. World Population Ageing 2023: Challenges and Opportunities of Population Ageing in the Least Developed Countries https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/sites\/www.un.org.development.desa.pd\/files\/undesa_pd_2024_wpa2023-report.pdf (2023 accessed 22 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06322-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12418"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12070797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Workplace incivility, lateral violence and bullying among nurses. A review about their prevalence and related factors","volume":"89","author":"Bambi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bambi S, Fo\u00e0 C, De Felippis C, et al. Workplace incivility, lateral violence and bullying among nurses. A review about their prevalence and related factors. Acta Biomedica Mattioli 1885 2018; 89: 51\u201379.","journal-title":"Acta Biomedica Mattioli 1885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sischka PE Schmidt AF Steffgen G. Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS). Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS). Published online 2021. doi:10.6102\/zis298.","DOI":"10.6102\/zis298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/APJIE-12-2019-0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"4954","article-title":". \u0130\u015fletmelerde y\u0131ld\u0131rma ve t\u00fckenmi\u015flik ili\u015fkisi: duygusal zek\u00e2n\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici rol\u00fc [the relationship between mobbing at business and burnout: the moderating effect of emotional intelligence]","volume":"4","author":"Bolat O\u0130","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bolat O\u0130, G\u00f6ksu HM. . \u0130\u015fletmelerde y\u0131ld\u0131rma ve t\u00fckenmi\u015flik ili\u015fkisi: duygusal zek\u00e2n\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici rol\u00fc [the relationship between mobbing at business and burnout: the moderating effect of emotional intelligence]. Soc Scie Stud J 2018; 4: 4954\u20134968.","journal-title":"Soc Scie Stud J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Norman GR. Health measurement scales","author":"Streiner DL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Streiner DL. Norman GR. Health measurement scales. Oxford University Press, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Thorpe CT. Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"DeVellis RF","year":"2014","unstructured":"DeVellis RF. Thorpe CT. Scale development: Theory and applications. 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