{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:29:18Z","timestamp":1786386558098,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vera Grover","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026208","name":"Margaret McNamara Education Grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within low-income contexts, persons with intellectual disabilities (PWID) are primarily placed within protective workshops, which often fail to successfully transition its members into competitive employment. Supported Employment (SE) has not been fully integrated within Protective Workshops (PW).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper reports on research that investigated the barriers and challenges PWID, their carers, and vocational service providers within PW encounter when attempting to transition from PW into competitive employment via SE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a single-instrumental case study design. Data sources included interviews with PWID, their carers, and vocational training service-providers (n\u2009=\u200914) and the review of relevant policy documents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Findings are presented in four themes, 1)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Progressive vocational training support methods and techniques,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which highlights the value of teaching technical and life skills in simulated environments, 2)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Disparities between what PWID need and what vocational training settings offer,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which speaks to PWID's unmet work expectations, 3)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Carer compliments, complaints and suggestions<\/jats:italic>\n                      speaks to caregivers\u2019 challenges and advocacy towards securing appropriate vocational training services that protect disability rights and ensure safety within training and work environments 4)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">There is room for improvement<\/jats:italic>\n                      highlights the issue of fragmented vocational services and the value of intersectoral strategic partnerships towards ensuring access to SE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals an ideological tension between SE and protective workshops, thereby problematising current policy and implementation pathways. It also calls for a reconfiguration of vocational service delivery systems and structures towards more rights-based and person-centred approaches. Four strategies towards improving PWID's transition into SE are proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261474862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T17:11:51Z","timestamp":1786209111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supported employment: An imperative strategy for the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities into competitive employment in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0423-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1106-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mapheyeledi","family":"Motimele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centre for Inclusive Health Management, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3902-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callista","family":"Kahonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieketseng","family":"Ned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/17918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experiences of parents of an adolescent with intellectual disability in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"26","author":"Ntshingila N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ntshingila N, Myburgh CP, Poggenpoel M, et al. Experiences of parents of an adolescent with intellectual disability in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid 2021; 26: 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Health SA Gesondheid"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2231-458X.2016.00002.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10442073030140030601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2022.2061608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18820\/2519593X\/pie.v39.i2.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Ringson J Sande N. Disability human rights and governance in Southern Africa: The struggle for an inclusive workplace 2nd International Conference on Social Work & Social Research Badu: Azerbaijan. 2025: 97-99."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Adams S. Exploring the vocational training strategies for enhancing the transitioning of persons with intellectual disability into supported employment: A case study of Mitchell\u2019s Plain\/Klipfontein sub-structure (Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). 2021. https:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\/items\/9ede0b2c-00fd-4b67-8efd-c83e3cb098a9."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Department of Public Service and Administration. Creating a youth-inclusive future of work for South Africa: Addressing youth unemployment and promoting equity. 2024. https:\/\/www.dpsa.gov.za\/thepublicservant\/2024\/04\/25\/creating-a-youth-inclusive-future-of-work-for-south-africa-addressing-youth-unemployment-and-promoting-equity\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakwata F. Perspective Chapter: Determinative factors for bridging social inequality gaps\u2013A South African perspective. In:Bridging Social Inequality Gaps-Concepts Theories Methods and Tools 2024. IntechOpen. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1004765.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1004765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Manthipi MJ. Psychosocial support programmes for protective workshops of people with disabilities [master\u2019s thesis]. University of the Witwatersrand; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-172674"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Terreblanche SE. A transformation strategy for Protective Workshops: towards comprehensive services for adults with intellectual disability [doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Supported employment: recommendations for successful implementation in South Africa","volume":"41","author":"Van Niekerk L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Niekerk L, Coetzee Z, Engelbrecht M, et al. Supported employment: recommendations for successful implementation in South Africa. S Afr J Occup Ther 2011; 41: 85\u201390. http:\/\/www.scielo.org.za\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2310-38332011000300015&lng=en&tlng=en.","journal-title":"S Afr J Occup Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91280-6_1807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Toward competitive employment for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities: what progress have we made and where do we need to go","volume":"43","author":"Wehman P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wehman P, Taylor J, Brooke V, et al. Toward competitive employment for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities: what progress have we made and where do we need to go. Res Pract Persons Severe Disabl 2018; 43: 131\u2013144.","journal-title":"Res Pract Persons Severe Disabl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Supporting individuals with significant disabilities: The roles of a job coach","author":"Wehman P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wehman P, Inge KJ, Revell WG, et al. Supporting individuals with significant disabilities: The roles of a job coach. Virginia Commonwealth University Rehabilitation Research and Training Center, 2007. Retrieved from https:\/\/vcurrtc.org\/research\/printView.cfm\/630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2022.2146159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833cfc2d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Improving the health of children and adults with intellectual disability in South Africa: legislative, policy and service","author":"Kleintjes S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kleintjes S, McKenzie J, Abrahams T, et al. Improving the health of children and adults with intellectual disability in South Africa: legislative, policy and service. S Afr Health Rev 2020: 19\u201334. https:\/\/www.hst.org.za\/publications\/South%20African%20Health%20Reviews\/SAHR_Chapter3_Artifacts_07052021.pdf.","journal-title":"S Afr Health Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1232829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03986-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-020-00142-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Constitution. 1948. https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/governance\/constitution."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keyes CLM. Social well-being. Soc. Psychol. Q.1998 61: 121-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2787065.","DOI":"10.2307\/2787065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Health as complete well-being: the WHO definition and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Schramme T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schramme T. Health as complete well-being: the WHO definition and beyond. J Public Health 2023; 16: 210\u2013218.","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"09","article-title":"Social determinants of health and home safety for under-five children in a neighbor\u2019s Tehran, Iran","volume":"9","author":"Mohammadinia L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammadinia L, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Gharibzadeh S, et al. Social determinants of health and home safety for under-five children in a neighbor\u2019s Tehran, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9: 09.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: First International Conference on Health Promotion Ottawa 1986. https:\/\/www.healthpromotion.org.au\/images\/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581590802376234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Center for Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention. Safety and safety promotion: Conceptual and operational aspects. 1998. https:\/\/www.inspq.qc.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/150_securitypromotion.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.3659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Poth CN. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"Motimele M. Understanding violence within protest: a case study investigation of the Rhodes Must Fall Movement at the University of Cape Town (2015-2016). Doctoral dissertation: University of Cape Town; 2024. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11427\/41200."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2008.9686624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-221223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11448-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","volume-title":"World Report on Disability","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. World Report on Disability. World Health Organization, 2011, https:\/\/www.who.int\/disabilities\/world_report\/2011\/report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534484313485229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","article-title":"Widening inclusion of disability in employment (WIDE): Findings from the voices of lived experience of disability, Employers, and Disability Organisations","volume":"40","author":"Lindsay S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lindsay S, Cagliostro E, Albarico M, et al. Widening inclusion of disability in employment (WIDE): Findings from the voices of lived experience of disability, Employers, and Disability Organisations. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 40: \u20139.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10775-022-09533-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203366974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","unstructured":"SAHRC Research Brief on Disability and Equality in South Africa. https:\/\/www.sahrc.org.za\/home\/21\/files\/RESEARCH%20BRIEF%20ON%20DISABILITY%20AND%20EQUALITY%20IN%20SOUTH%20AFRICA%202013%20to%202017.pdf. 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","unstructured":"Howard J. The Importance of Disability Representation in Leadership. Inclusion Hub Website. 2024.https:\/\/www.inclusionhub.com\/articles\/the-importance-of-disability-representation-in-leadership."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1562498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/2310-3833\/2025\/vol55n2a11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"970","article-title":"Legislation as a critical tool in addressing social change in South Africa: lessons from Mayelane v Ngwenyama","volume":"18","author":"Ozoemena RN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozoemena RN. Legislation as a critical tool in addressing social change in South Africa: lessons from Mayelane v Ngwenyama. PELJ\/PER 2015; 18: 970\u2013992.","journal-title":"PELJ\/PER"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","unstructured":"Oxford Review Briefings. Advancement of inclusive policies \u2013 definition and explanation. 2025 https:\/\/oxford-review.com\/the-oxford-review-dei-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-dictionary\/advancement-of-inclusive-policies-definition-and-explanation\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"128","article-title":"Breaking barriers: strategies for fostering inclusivity in the workplace","volume":"14","author":"Garrick A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garrick A, Johnson WD, Arendt SW. Breaking barriers: strategies for fostering inclusivity in the workplace. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci 2024; 14: 128\u2013152.","journal-title":"Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alter.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v5i1.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/merits4020009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v10i0.851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1044207318792178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","article-title":"Multifaceted interventions for supporting community participation among adults with disabilities: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Gross JM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gross JM, Monroe-Gulick A, Nye C, et al. Multifaceted interventions for supporting community participation among adults with disabilities: a systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev 2020; 16: e1092.","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09614524.2015.983461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Inclusive research: is the road more or less well travelled?","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Brien P","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien P. Inclusive research: is the road more or less well travelled? Soc Sci 2022; 11: 82.","journal-title":"Soc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v12i0.1127"}],"container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261474862","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10519815261474862","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261474862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:51:58Z","timestamp":1786384318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10519815261474862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10519815261474862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10519815261474862","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"article-number":"10519815261474862"}}