{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:31:05Z","timestamp":1793727065519,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["892-2022-3001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["892-2022-3001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000182","name":"WorkSafeBC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rise of digital platforms and algorithmically-managed labour is reshaping traditional understandings of job quality, safety, and wellbeing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines how human and non-human factors shape immigrant workers\u2019 perceptions and experiences of safety and wellbeing in the platform economy of Metro Vancouver, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by a sociotechnical lens, the study employed a focused ethnographic design, drawing on content analysis of twenty-one policy-relevant documents and thirty semi-structured interviews with immigrant platform workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Analysis of policy documents and interview data identified three interconnected themes shaping platform workers\u2019 safety and wellbeing. The first theme,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Misclassification Dilemma in the Context of Algorithmic Management<\/jats:italic>\n                      , shows how ambiguous employment status and opaque algorithmic control conceal subordination, limit recourse, and undermine job quality and psychosocial wellbeing. The second theme,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Empowered Yet Exposed<\/jats:italic>\n                      , captures the paradox in which perceived autonomy and flexibility co-exist with physical risk, stress, and regulatory uncertainty and inconsistency, leaving workers unevenly protected. The third theme,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Safety Overlooked and Migrant Frame Overused<\/jats:italic>\n                      , demonstrates that immigrant platform workers face heightened safety and wellbeing risks shaped by socially and technologically mediated forms of marginalization, while migrant-focused policy framings obscure safety and wellbeing gaps affecting the broader platform workforce.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the need to move policy and scholarly debates beyond a narrow focus on ride-hailing and food delivery to address the diverse forms of platform work and the sociotechnical conditions shaping workers\u2019 safety and wellbeing across platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261478116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:35:00Z","timestamp":1787110500000},"page":"776-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Managing risk and reward: Exploring immigrant platform workers\u2019 occupational safety and wellbeing through a sociotechnical lens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atieh Razavi","family":"Yekta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Huot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Canada Revenue Agency. 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