{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:36:09Z","timestamp":1787589369936,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The decommissioning of oil and gas production systems has been increasing significantly as production facilities reach the end of their useful life. This brings forth challenges that are still underexplored, particularly regarding exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and its implications for the health and safety of workers involved in these operations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>to investigate, through a systematic literature review, the reporting of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) exposure in offshore decommissioning activities, with a focus on occupational health and safety implications for Workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>a systematic review was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies reporting on NORM exposure during offshore oil and gas decommissioning. The review synthesized evidence regarding health and safety risks, handling of contaminated equipment, and existing safety protocols, highlighting gaps in current knowledge and \u00e1reas for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>the review revealed significant knowledge gaps regarding NORM exposure and its impact on worker safety. Key concerns include the handling, transportation, and disposal of contaminated equipment and materials, which increase occupational health risks. The findings underscore the limited availability of tailored safety protocols and effective communication strategies in current practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the occupational health risks associated with NORM in offshore decommissioning is critical as aging oil and gas platforms are retired. The review emphasizes the need for the development of specific risk assessment models, improved safety protocols, and targeted communication strategies. Future research should focus on the interactions between different radionuclides, their health implications, and the design of preventive measures to protect workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261478119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:20:35Z","timestamp":1787325635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to norm in offshore decommissioning: A systematic review with an emphasis on occupational health and safety"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Bandeira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2894-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Bubach Carvalho Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Castro Moura","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM)","author":"Brazilian Institute of Oil, Gas and Biofuels (IBP)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brazilian Institute of Oil, Gas and Biofuels (IBP). Guidelines for the management of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). IBP; 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ibp.org.br\/material\/publicacoes\/caderno-de-boas-praticas-de-ep-2\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22533\/at.ed.699210207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Evaluating the radiological hazards of contaminated soil with naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) resulting from produced water during oil and gas production","volume":"54","author":"Desouky OS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Desouky OS, Morsi T, El-Marakby SM. Evaluating the radiological hazards of contaminated soil with naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) resulting from produced water during oil and gas production. Arab J Nucl Sci Appl 2021; 54: 162\u2013172.","journal-title":"Arab J Nucl Sci Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. 2022 Dec 30 [cited 2023 May 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9798848\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Systematic literature review [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 13]. Available from: https:\/\/institucional.ufrrj.br\/portalcpda\/files\/2020\/05\/Revis%C3%A3o-Bibliogr%C3%A1fica-Sistem%C3%A1tica.pptx.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncq577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2023.107139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2020.1811843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13202-017-0325-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA06086C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"TE-NORM radiological impact and radiation protection in the oil and gas industry: a review","volume":"54","author":"Desouky OS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Desouky OS. TE-NORM radiological impact and radiation protection in the oil and gas industry: a review. Arab J Nucl Sci Appl 2021; 54: 141\u2013150.","journal-title":"Arab J Nucl Sci Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Concerns on the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiations from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM)","author":"Mohankumar MN","unstructured":"Mohankumar MN. Concerns on the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiations from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). In: JAERI-Conf 2005-001, Kalpakkam, 2005, pp.187\u2013193."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency. In: Management of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in industry: proceedings of an international conference Vienna 2022. International Atomic Energy Agency."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"ASCO. NORM. [cited 2022 Nov 23]. Available from: https:\/\/ascoworld.com\/services\/norm."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61092\/iaea.7jjx-5ui6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Decommissioning and remediation of NORM\/TENORM contaminated sites in oil and gas","volume":"28","author":"Peroni M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peroni M, Mulas V, Betti E, et al. Decommissioning and remediation of NORM\/TENORM contaminated sites in oil and gas. Chem Eng Trans 2012; 28: 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"}],"container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261478119","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10519815261478119","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10519815261478119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:16:36Z","timestamp":1787588196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10519815261478119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10519815261478119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10519815261478119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-9815","1875-9270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-9815","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-9270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"10519815261478119"}}