{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1789827166534,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015689","name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research, Community Service, and Innovation Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research, Community Service, and Innovation Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Construction workers are highly exposed to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) owing to awkward and repetitive postures. Traditional ergonomic tools lack real-time feedback, and motion-capture systems are impractical for field use. Smartphone-based inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a cost-effective and portable alternative to traditional methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate the Ergo Posture Analysis System (Ergo-PAS), an Android-based smartphone prototype designed to detect and alert users to high-risk postures in real-time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ergo-PAS employed synchronized smartphones on the trunk, upper arm, and forearm to capture inertial data during trunk flexion, arm elevation, and repetitive forearm movements. Five participants performed controlled postures, which were validated using a Vicon motion capture system. Pearson's correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and linear regression were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ergo-PAS demonstrated moderate-to-excellent validity and generally good-to-excellent reliability compared with the Vicon motion capture system. Pearson\u2019s correlations ranged from 0.13\u20130.99 for trunk flexion, 0.50\u20130.95 for upper-arm elevation, and 0.57\u20130.94 for forearm movements, while ICC values ranged from 0.08\u20130.99. The performance varied across body segments. Exploratory linear regression calibration showed stable slopes across participants and positions but with joint-specific intercept differences, indicating the need for tailored calibration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary laboratory validation suggests that the Ergo-PAS can provide reasonably accurate and repeatable posture measurements using smartphone-based inertial sensors. The system shows promise as a low-cost platform for real-time ergonomic risk monitoring and providing feedback. Further research is required to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of these systems during dynamic work activities and in real-world construction environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261485981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:18:46Z","timestamp":1789557526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ergo-PAS: Validation of a smartphone-based real-time posture warning system for ergonomic risk intervention in construction work"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4113-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wyke","family":"Kusmasari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khoirul","family":"Muslim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassierli","family":"Yassierli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titah","family":"Yudhistira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nugrahaning Sani","family":"Dewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0298-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auditya Purwandini","family":"Sutarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Airlangga"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Dose-response associations between musculoskeletal disorders and physical and psychosocial factors among construction workers","volume":"31","author":"Engholm G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Engholm G, Holmstr\u00f6m E. 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