{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:33:19Z","timestamp":1793723599295,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associated Medical Services Healthcare Small Grants in Compassion and Artificial Intelligence","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01adk7m17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is spreading through health care, yet systems that administer assessments directly to clients remain untested in occupational therapy (OT), where the initial assessment both gathers data and builds therapeutic rapport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare user experience of a purpose-built, remote AI-administered OT initial assessment with a human-administered assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty adults completed an AI-administered and a human-administered OT initial assessment in randomized order one to two weeks apart (crossover design), rating usability, perceived compassion, goal setting and satisfaction after each and stating an overall preference; 28 gave reflection interviews. Formats were compared within participants (Wilcoxon signed-rank, McNemar, Holm-corrected) and interviews analyzed thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were randomized 15 per sequence; order affected no outcome. AI usability was high (modified System Usability Scale 81.1). Perceived compassion favored the human format (median 9.90 vs 7.53; Hodges\u2013Lehmann difference 2.39, 95% CI 1.56\u20133.11; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as did satisfaction (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Agreement that goals were clear, personalized, relevant, attainable and motivating did not differ (all p\u2009\u2265\u20090.25), but strong agreement was more frequent after the human format on four of five items (40.0\u201353.3 percentage points, all p\u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Overall, 83% (25\/30) preferred the human format. Four themes were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AI-administered assessment was highly usable and produced goals accepted as clear, relevant and attainable at rates matching the human format; what differed was the depth of endorsement, perceived compassion and preference. Conversational AI appears better placed to supplement therapist-led assessment than to replace it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261491275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:55:29Z","timestamp":1791906929000},"page":"959-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing and evaluating a remote, self-administered, AI-powered occupational therapy initial assessment: A crossover randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8819-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miini Minami","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0200-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Cathcart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savannah","family":"Grasza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0384-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Jarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. Occupational therapy artificial intelligence and technology. 2023. https:\/\/caot.ca\/document\/8063\/OT%20&%20AI_Final%20Copy_EN.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Canada H. Caring for Canadians: Canada\u2019s Future Health Workforce \u2013 The Canadian Health Workforce Education Training and Distribution Study - Canada.ca. 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