{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:49:02Z","timestamp":1791834542455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 98-2314-B-182-044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 98-2314-B-182-044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment &amp; Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceived workload is central to occupational health, ergonomics, and rehabilitation research, yet no guideline-based Traditional Chinese version of the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) has been available for Taiwan and other Traditional-Chinese-speaking settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To cross-culturally adapt the NASA-TLX into Traditional Chinese (NASA-TLX-TC) and evaluate its measurement properties in Taiwanese adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a psychometric secondary analysis, 114 community-dwelling adults aged 20\u201350 years completed the NASA-TLX-TC on three consecutive days. Within the COSMIN framework, we examined content validity, internal consistency, structural validity (exploratory factor analysis with parallel analysis), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC]), measurement error, and construct validity (seven a priori hypotheses involving sleep, mood, and shift work).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The content validity index averaged 0.88 and Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 0.83. The six dimensions loaded on a single factor (55.8% of variance). The three-day average score showed good reliability (ICC[A,k]\u2009=\u20090.83), whereas single-day reliability was moderate (0.62); the minimal detectable change was 32 points. Six of seven construct-validity hypotheses were supported; the shift-work difference was in the predicted direction but nonsignificant. Internal consistency and convergent validity were stable across subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NASA-TLX-TC showed good reliability and initial construct validity and is suitable for group-level occupational-health, ergonomics, and rehabilitation research; multi-day averaging is recommended for individual assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261493901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:10:15Z","timestamp":1791634215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Traditional Chinese NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) for assessing perceived workload in Taiwanese adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Chi","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Living Sciences, National Open University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1203-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Chen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Chiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung Shan Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2025004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.43059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37268\/mjphm\/vol.20\/no.Special1\/art.705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10519815261432939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2023.2186322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"The appraisal of reliability and validity of subjective workload assessment technique and NASA Task Load Index","volume":"23","author":"Xiao Y","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Wang Z, Wang M, et al. 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