{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:58:46Z","timestamp":1777748326533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15HD092922-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15HD092922-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intervention in School and Clinic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Middle grade students with disabilities that impact reading, including learning disabilities (LD) in reading, high functioning autism (ASD), and emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), and students atrisk for reading failure due to the effects of poverty often struggle to make knowledge-based inferences while reading informational texts. As a result, these populations of students are not able to read for understanding or learn from grade-level texts. Unfortunately, many special educators have had little preparation in how to develop their knowledge of inference-making or methods for explicitly teaching inference-making. Despite their lack of knowledge, special educators are often solely responsible for teaching skills that support reading comprehension, such as knowledge-based inference-making. This article provides special educators with information and resources to enhance their understanding of knowledge-based inferencing and methods for teaching knowledge-based inference-making to middle grade students with disabilities and those who are at risk for reading failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10534512211024929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T11:39:59Z","timestamp":1624448399000},"page":"219-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Scaffolding Inference-Making for Adolescents With Disabilities That Impact Reading"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Barth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Buena Vista University, Storm Lake, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy Newman","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2016.02.002"},{"key":"bibr2-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2015.1022650"},{"key":"bibr3-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-014-9540-1"},{"key":"bibr4-10534512211024929","volume-title":"Reading next: A vision for action and research in middle and high school reading","author":"Biancarosa G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowyer-Crane C., Snowling M. J. (2005). Assessing children\u2019s inference generation: What do tests of reading comprehension measure? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2), 189\u2013201. http:\/\/doi.org\/dtjcs7","DOI":"10.1348\/000709904X22674"},{"key":"bibr6-10534512211024929","unstructured":"Budge E. A. W., Papyrus A. (1967). The book of the dead: The papyrus of Ani in the British Museum\u2014The Egyptian text with interlinear transliteration and translation, a running translation, introduction etc. Dover Publications; Gutenberg Press. https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/7145"},{"key":"bibr7-10534512211024929","unstructured":"Cushman K., Baron W. (2017). Academic feedback: The secret ingredient in student agency. https:\/\/newteachercenter.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/16\/academic-feedback-secret-ingredient-student-agency\/"},{"key":"bibr8-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/073194871103400104"},{"key":"bibr9-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000074"},{"key":"bibr10-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.3.371"},{"key":"bibr11-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-014-9295-x"},{"key":"bibr12-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1053451216676799"},{"key":"bibr13-10534512211024929","author":"Hanover Research","year":"2014","journal-title":"The impact of formative assessment and learning intentions on student achievement"},{"key":"bibr14-10534512211024929","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Handbook of research on learning and instruction","author":"Hattie J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr15-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.163"},{"key":"bibr16-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0014402915598782"},{"key":"bibr17-10534512211024929","volume-title":"The Condition of Education 2017 (NCES 2017-144)","author":"McFarland J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-10534512211024929","volume-title":"High-leverage practices in special education","author":"McLeskey J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr19-10534512211024929","unstructured":"National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, & Council of Chief State School Officers. (2010). Common core state standards. Authors."},{"key":"bibr20-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.11.013"},{"key":"bibr21-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741932519865263"},{"key":"bibr22-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.11.002"},{"key":"bibr23-10534512211024929","volume-title":"Graphic organizers and implications for universal design for learning: Curriculum enhancement report","author":"Strangman N.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr24-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0040059919826030"},{"key":"bibr25-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2014.910718"},{"key":"bibr26-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2015.04.013"},{"key":"bibr27-10534512211024929","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Adolescent literacy","author":"Toste J. R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr28-10534512211024929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206376"}],"container-title":["Intervention in School and Clinic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10534512211024929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10534512211024929","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10534512211024929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1777463330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10534512211024929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10534512211024929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10534512211024929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-4512","1538-4810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-4512","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4810","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]}}}