{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:49:47Z","timestamp":1789141787849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forward head posture (FHP) is a common malalignment affecting the cervicothoracic spine. This deviation is associated with neck disability and muscle imbalance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of FHP correction using regional versus comprehensive spinal programs on the craniovertebral (CV) angle, neck disability, and spinal muscle activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty participants with FHP were randomly assigned to receive either a cervicothoracic correction program (control group) or a cervicothoracic plus lumbopelvic program (experimental group). The CV angle, neck disability index (NDI), and normalized electromyography as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) from spinal muscles were measured before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-intervention, both groups showed significant improvement across time in CV angle and NDI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, p\u2009=\u20090.002). However, the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. The NDI showed significant improvement only in the experimental group ( p\u2009=\u20090.005). The minimal clinical important difference (MCID) obtained was 6.44 for the NDI. A reduction in %MVIC over time was observed in both groups for cervical erector spinae (Right, p\u2009=\u20090.006, Left, p\u2009=\u20090.001). The between-group comparison of spinal muscle activation was not significantly different.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study suggested that FHP management using a cervicothoracic or cervicothoracic plus lumbopelvic protocol could improve cervical posture and lower cervical muscle demand. Incorporating a lumbopelvic into the cervicothoracic protocol was more effective in reducing short-term neck pain and disability than a cervicothoracic protocol alone. A comprehensive spine program may be a clinically beneficial rehabilitation protocol for FHP to improve neck pain and disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127241296342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1734662746000},"page":"83-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of forward head posture correction on craniovertebral angle, neck disability, and spinal electromyography: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5586-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa H","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaenab A","family":"Alowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, AlJubail General Hospital, Aljubail, Jubail, Saudi 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