{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1777466316900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2024R117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Localized low back pain is a frequent complaint after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and biomechanical properties (stiffness, elasticity, relaxation time, and creep) of the L4-5 supraspinous ligament at the spinal anesthesia needle insertion site in women who had CD. These measurements were compared with those from the controls who never had pregnancy or anesthesia, and correlations between the variables were explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study involved 44 women, divided into two groups. Group A: 22 women experienced spinal anesthesia for CD, and Group B: 22 women represented the controls. L4-5 supraspinous ligament's PPT was measured using pressure algometry, and its biomechanical properties were assessed with the MyotonPRO device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences were found in PPT between the two groups (P\u2009=\u20090.0001), but non-significant differences were observed in stiffness, elasticity, relaxation time, or creep (P\u2009=\u20090.318, 0.344, 0.241, and 0.227, respectively). There were also non-significant correlations between PPT and biomechanical properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women who experienced spinal anesthesia for CD showed increased tenderness and lower PPT at the L4-5 site, 6\u201312 weeks postpartum, with minor changes in supraspinous ligament biomechanics. The relationship between PPT and these properties was negligible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251318943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T11:08:09Z","timestamp":1742382489000},"page":"892-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Correlation between pressure pain threshold and L4-5 supraspinous ligament biomechanics after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed G.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab S.","family":"Mamoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem M.","family":"Alwhaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.M.","family":"Sarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amel M.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahima M.","family":"Okeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Auais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen\u2019s Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Determining factors of cesarean delivery trends in developing countries: lessons from point G national hospital (Bamako-Mali)","volume":"9","author":"Teguete I","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teguete I, Traore Y, Sissoko A, et al. Determining factors of cesarean delivery trends in developing countries: lessons from point G national hospital (Bamako-Mali). INTECH Open Access 2012; 9: 161\u2013202.","journal-title":"INTECH Open Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cesarean section deliveries in Egypt: Trends, practices, perceptions, and cost","author":"Abdel-Tawab NG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdel-Tawab NG, Oraby D, Hassanein N, et al. Cesarean section deliveries in Egypt: Trends, practices, perceptions, and cost. Cairo: Population Council 2018: 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31899\/rh6.1004","journal-title":"Cairo: Population Council"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births in the United States, 2016","volume":"318","author":"Martin JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK. Births in the United States, 2016. NCHS Data Brief 2017; 318: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1591-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors leading to increased cesarean section rate","volume":"6","author":"Shamshad B","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shamshad B. Factors leading to increased cesarean section rate. Gomal J Med Sci 2008; 6: 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Gomal J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2018.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64074-1.00037-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1737-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Post dural puncture headache-a comparison of midline and paramedian approaches","volume":"21","author":"Haider S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haider S, Butt KJ, Aziz M, et al. Post dural puncture headache-a comparison of midline and paramedian approaches. Biomedica 2005; 21: 90\u201392.","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen394"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0503300429"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678809148773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(07)70032-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365510903042734"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9914278"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","volume-title":"MyotonPRO User Manual","author":"Myoton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Myoton. MyotonPRO User Manual. 6th ed. London: Myoton, 2013.","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001270"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v11.i3.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO technical consultation on postpartum and postnatal care (No. WHO\/MPS\/10.03); 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"Spearman C. Spearman\u2019s Correlation. Available at: http:\/\/www.statstutor.ac.uk\/resources\/uploaded\/spearmans.pdf. Accessed January 20 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818f051c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.797975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","article-title":"Analysis of biomechanical properties of the lumbar extensor myofascia in elderly patients with chronic low back pain and that in healthy people","volume":"2020","author":"Wu Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Z, Zhu Y, Xu W, et al. Analysis of biomechanical properties of the lumbar extensor myofascia in elderly patients with chronic low back pain and that in healthy people. BioMed Res Int 2020; 2020.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2935-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.194591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_1540_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"The cause, prevention and management of post spinal backache; an overview (Review Article)","volume":"15","author":"Rafique MK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rafique MK, Taqi A. The cause, prevention and management of post spinal backache; an overview (Review Article). Anaesth Pain Intensive Care J 2011; 15: 65\u201369.","journal-title":"Anaesth Pain Intensive Care J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD01056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101898"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-021-00391-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030719"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251318943","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127251318943","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251318943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:28:18Z","timestamp":1777382898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127251318943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127251318943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127251318943","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]}}}