{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:38:49Z","timestamp":1777466329538,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infant carrying is a common practice among caregivers. Carrying loads such as infant mannequins or bags may alter lower extremity joint angles and induce muscle fatigue in the upper extremities of carriers, including men, women, postpartum women, and women who have not given birth. However, the biomechanical effects of various carrying methods on mothers remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional descriptive study compared the effects of unloaded walking with three infant-carrying conditions on gait mechanics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty healthy mothers\u2019 gait parameters were recorded using a motion capture system under four conditions: unloaded walking (UW), front-facing carrying (FC), back-facing carrying (BC), and in arms carrying (IA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across all infant-carrying conditions, notable changes were observed in gait parameters. The front-facing carrying condition elicited the greatest changes in gait mechanics, particularly in pelvis. The in arms carrying condition exhibited minimal changes in gait compared to the back and front-facing carrying conditions. Significant alterations in gait were observed in all infant-carrying conditions compared to unloaded walking (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The results indicated that ankle (M\u2009=\u200941.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25; M\u2009=\u200924.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.29; p\u2009=\u20090.0024), and pelvis (M\u2009=\u20096.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35; M\u2009=\u20099.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45; p\u2009=\u20090.0036) movement patterns led to the greatest deviation in gait among four conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Front-facing carrying imposes the greatest biomechanical and physiological strain while back carrier offers more ergonomically efficient alternative. The in arms carrying method introduces dynamic movement that may affect stability. These findings highlight important considerations for ergonomically optimized infant carriers to support maternal musculoskeletal health and minimize strain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251321771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T17:57:42Z","timestamp":1742320662000},"page":"1004-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infant-carrying methods and their biomechanical influence on maternal gait patterns and joint mechanics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevgi","family":"Pehlivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul Ayd\u0131n University, Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcberra","family":"Tanr\u0131verdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hande","family":"Argunsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00fcrkan","family":"Uygur \u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child Neurology, Department of Child Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"555876","article-title":"Babywearing practices and effects on parental, child physical and psychological health academic journal of pediatrics & neonatology","volume":"11","author":"Norholt H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Norholt H, Price C, Phillips R, et al. Babywearing practices and effects on parental, child physical and psychological health academic journal of pediatrics & neonatology. Acad J Ped Neonatol 2022; 11(5): 555876.","journal-title":"Acad J Ped Neonatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25571"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effects of baby carrier on wearer\u2019s posture stability","volume":"4","author":"Azaman A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Azaman A, Aiman N, Isa M, et al. Effects of baby carrier on wearer\u2019s posture stability. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017; 4: 107\u2013118.","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2019.101413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.07.310"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5934\/kjhe.2017.26.4.313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1306840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JWH.0000000000000227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20603"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720817744661"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Baby carrying positions change walking speed","author":"Sosanya OM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sosanya OM, Wall-Scheffler CM. Baby carrying positions change walking speed. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2018; 165: 259\u2013260.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"Working harder and taking longer: How frontal loads can impact female reproductive costsColumbus, OH, USA: Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists","author":"Wall-Scheffler CM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wall-Scheffler CM, Myers MJ. Working harder and taking longer: How frontal loads can impact female reproductive costs. In: Columbus, OH, USA: Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2019.1615915"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2020-131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The combined influence of infant carrying method and motherhood on gait mechanics","author":"Havens KL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Havens KL, Goldrod S, Mannen EM. The combined influence of infant carrying method and motherhood on gait mechanics. J Appl Biomech 2023: 1\u20137. https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jab\/aop\/article-10.1123-jab.2023-0127\/article-10.1123-jab.2023-0127.xml","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14474\/ptrs.2020.9.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1168871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2593-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","unstructured":"Jelenc KE. The effect of bipedal infant-carrying on pelvis-shoulder kinematics and coordination. 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103587"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140131003672015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","first-page":"1621","volume-title":"The biomechanics effects of back and front pack load carriage for human locomotion2012 IEEE international conference on mechatronics and automation","author":"Yali H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yali H, Yiyu L, Haitao G, et al. The biomechanics effects of back and front pack load carriage for human locomotion. In: 2012 IEEE international conference on mechatronics and automation. IEEE, 2012, pp.1621\u20131626."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13066\/kspm.2013.8.2.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47447\/tjsm.0554"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oti.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-200327"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251321771","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127251321771","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251321771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:28:20Z","timestamp":1777382900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127251321771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127251321771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127251321771","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}