{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:50:21Z","timestamp":1782391821416,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electrotherapy is used to alleviate pain and improve muscle strength. However, its effect on stretching is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research evaluates the effect of combining static stretching (SS) with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on range of motion (ROM) and performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized-controlled study included 45 sport sciences students (25 women-20 men). To evaluate the acute effects of SS with electrotherapy the participants were divided into 3 groups randomly and each group had one practice session. The first group received only SS. The second group performed SS and TENS, while the last group undertook SS and NMES. For the statistical analyses a 3\u2009\u00d7\u20092 repeated measures ANOVA was conducted using the SPSS 21 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analyses indicated a significant increase in ROM in all groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b72: 0.356). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.255, partial \u03b72: 0.063). Performance analyses revealed no significant differences among intra (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.100, partial \u03b72: 0.063) and inter-groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.062, partial \u03b72: 0.124).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found SS effective in increasing ROM, but electrotherapy modalities added to stretching did not further enhance hamstring flexibility. Furthermore, different stretching techniques had no impact on performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251340347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:56:31Z","timestamp":1747011391000},"page":"1148-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immediate effects of TENS and NMES applied simultaneously with stretching on ROM and performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurkan","family":"Gunaydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge Ece","family":"Gunaydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3248-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gul Oznur","family":"Karabicak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"Aykar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esin","family":"Ergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Department of Coaching Education, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon","author":"Karaduman A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karaduman A, Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6. Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon. Ankara: Pelikan Kitabevi, 2016, pp.249\u2013259."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Stretching anatomy","author":"Nelson AG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nelson AG, Kokkonen JJ. Stretching anatomy. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Science of flexibility","author":"Alter MJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alter MJ. Science of flexibility. 3rd ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2004.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"The anatomy of stretching: your illustrated guide to flexibility and injury rehabilitation","author":"Walker B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walker B. The anatomy of stretching: your illustrated guide to flexibility and injury rehabilitation. Chichester: Lotus Publishing, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.22.4.401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation","volume":"7","author":"Page P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2012; 7: 109\u2013119.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000247004.40212.f7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181874d55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00652-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"254","article-title":"Eccentric training and static stretching improve hamstring flexibility of high school males","volume":"39","author":"Nelson RT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nelson RT, Bandy WD. Eccentric training and static stretching improve hamstring flexibility of high school males. J Athl Train 2004; 39: 254.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"330","article-title":"Standing and supine hamstring stretching are equally effective","volume":"39","author":"Decoster LC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Decoster LC, Scanlon RL, Horn KD, et al. Standing and supine hamstring stretching are equally effective. J Athl Train 2004; 39: 330.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2020.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200409000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1879-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2003.03016.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Change in autonomic nerve responses after low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Lee JW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JW, Hwang TY. Change in autonomic nerve responses after low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. J Korean Phys Ther 2010; 22: 71\u201376.","journal-title":"J Korean Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.14.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03040887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20180036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","volume-title":"O\u2019Sullivan & Schmitz\u2019s physical rehabilitation","author":"Fulk G","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fulk G, Chui K. O\u2019Sullivan & Schmitz\u2019s physical rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA, USA: F.A. Davis, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18857\/jkpt.2015.27.3.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370700100103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2020.2969610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","volume-title":"Principles of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in sports injuries","author":"Ergun N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ergun N. Principles of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in sports injuries. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318269f7f1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2016-0193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.1124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-019-0129-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552008000500006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.36.628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70201-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04539-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0533-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251340347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127251340347","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251340347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:19:27Z","timestamp":1782389967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127251340347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127251340347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127251340347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]}}}