{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:56:44Z","timestamp":1787061404906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is a useful tool for evaluating lower extremity (LE) disability, but it has not been adapted for use with Kannada or other regional languages in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to perform cross-cultural adaptation and Kannada translation of the LEFS (LEFS-K) and examine its psychometric properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Longitudinal study on 150 patients with hip and knee injuries. Numeric Rating Scales for Pain (NRS-P) and disability (NRS-D), and Sit-to-stand (5STS) was administered at the initial visit. LEFS-K and NRS again 2 days later and at discharge. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (CA) assessed test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) examined concurrent relations. Effects size was calculated for responsiveness. Clinically important (MCID) and statistically true (MDC) were assessed for the LEFS-K.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LEFS-K demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.98) and internal consistency (CA\u2009=\u20090.88). Low to moderate correlations (r\u2009&lt;\u20090.70) were observed between the LEFS-K and other measures (NRS-P, NRS-D, and 5STS). The LEFS-K was deemed responsive to assess change for LE disability (ES\u2009=\u20090.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Kannada LEFS is proved to be a reliable, valid and responsive tool for evaluating LE MSK disability in Kannada speaking individuals with hip and knee disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251343946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1749523211000},"page":"108-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation of the lower extremity functional scale in kannada and assessment of its measurement properties \u2013 a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6641-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenisha Ancita","family":"DSouza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charu","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh P","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Program, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek D","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.24321\/2455.7048.201915","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst adult population of India","volume":"4","author":"Kumar A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kishore D(J, Laisram N, et al. 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