{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:11:05Z","timestamp":1782825065392,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Active Release Techniques"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined the effect of a single treatment of Active Release Techniques (ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) on resting stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), resting tension of the triceps surae unit, plantar-flexion strength, and active ankle range of motion (ROM).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-four healthy participants (14 females, mean (SD) age: 24.8 (4.6) years) were randomised to 4\u2005min of ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      applied to one leg. With the foot fixed in 5\u00b0 plantar-flexion, shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured using ultrasound elastography and resting tension was measured using a dynamometer, acquired before, immediately, and 5\u2005min post intervention. Active ankle ROM and plantar-flexion maximal voluntary isometric strength (MVIC) were measured before and after ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Repeated measures ANOVAs with factors of limb and time were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MG SWV of the intervention limb decreased immediately following ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (mean % change\u2009=\u2009\u22125.65% [95%CI: \u22122.05 to \u22129.26],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and at 5\u2005min (mean % change\u2009=\u2009\u22125.50% [95%CI: \u22121.22 to \u22129.78],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). There was no difference post ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      for resting tension of the triceps surae unit, plantar-flexion MVIC, or active ankle ROM for either the intervention or control limb.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four minutes of ART\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      applied to the MG induces a significant reduction in resting MG SWV, which persisted for 5\u2005min, but was not coupled with a change in resting tension of the triceps surae unit, plantar-flexion MVIC, or ROM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251358731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1752476476000},"page":"187-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Active release techniques\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    reduces stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius measured using elastography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9579-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew B","family":"Dane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Musculosketal Health and Rehabilitation Research Group, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Fenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Sciences, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3491-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Carmody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J","family":"Obst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Musculosketal Health and Rehabilitation Research Group, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3209-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Pajaczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAMHESS, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke J","family":"Heales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Musculosketal Health and Rehabilitation Research Group, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2021-0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Modifications to the standard sit-and-reach flexibility protocol","volume":"34","author":"Holt LE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Holt LE, Pelham TW, Burke DG. 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