{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:47:30Z","timestamp":1785883650215,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular (AI) injections of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) versus Oxygen-Ozone (O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in relieving pain and reducing disability in patients affected by knee osteoarthritis (KOA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      People with painful KOA for at least three months were randomly allocated to receive three IA injections, once a week, of HA (Group A) vs O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Group B). They were evaluated at baseline (T0), at 1 (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3), and 12 months (T4) after the treatment, using as outcomes: WOMAC pain score, WOMAC LK 3.1, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and KOOS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 122 patients assessed for eligibility, 112 participants were enrolled. Both groups A and B showed significant improvements in all outcomes measures from 1 month after the treatment (HA Group: 6.77\u2009\u00b1\u20092.53 vs 3.66\u2009\u00b1\u20092.57; O2O3 Group: 6.50\u2009\u00b1\u20092.24 vs 3.45\u2009\u00b1\u20092.30). In contrast, at T2 and T3, the HA-treated group showed significant pain and functional improvement compared to O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both HA and O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      might be considered safe and potential effective treatments for KOA, due to their anti-inflammatory effects. O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      seems to have a faster effect; rather, HA showed superior efficacy at 3 months onwards from the end of the treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251358732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1752563772000},"page":"216-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intra-articular injections of oxygen-ozone versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Sconza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Far\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalila","family":"Scaturro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Precision Medicine in the Medical, Surgery and Critical Care Areas, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Rehabilitation, AOU Policlinico G. 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