{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:40:46Z","timestamp":1777466446026,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) occurs in various forms in the human body, with its complete absence being the most common variation. Although the PLM is frequently used in reconstructive surgeries, its functional impact, especially on fine motor skills, remains unclear and has not been directly studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate whether the presence or absence of the PLM affects gross grip strength, pinch grip strength, wrist joint proprioception, and fine motor skills, thereby determining if the PLM has a functional role in hand performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 497 individuals were assessed for the presence of the PLM. Of these, 36 individuals were found to lack the PLM unilaterally or bilaterally. For comparability, 35 individuals with the PLM were included in the analysis. Gross grip strength and pinch grip strength were measured using a hand dynamometer, wrist joint proprioception was assessed with a digital inclinometer, and fine motor skills were evaluated with the Purdue Pegboard Test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant differences were found between individuals with the PLM and individuals without the PLM in terms of gross grip strength, pinch grip strength, wrist joint proprioception, or fine motor skills in either the dominant or nondominant hand (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence or absence of the PLM does not affect fine motor skills, grip strength, or wrist proprioception, suggesting it can be safely used for surgical grafting without functional loss in the hand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251380061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:38:17Z","timestamp":1758721097000},"page":"511-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of the palmaris longus muscle on fine motor skills, position sense and grip strength"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Necati Emre","family":"Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3649-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mert","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9636-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mensure","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6067-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyma","family":"Toy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4483-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tar\u0131k","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijar.2017.383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2014\/2767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"An indigenous study on the palmaris longus muscle anatomical variations","volume":"37","author":"Batool A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Batool A, Batool F, Waseem A, et al. An indigenous study on the palmaris longus muscle anatomical variations. Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp 2023; 37: 24\u201327.","journal-title":"Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0631-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/folmed-2017-0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Palmaris longus inversus muscle present bilaterally in an 82 year-old white female cadaver and unilaterally in a 68 year-old white female cadaver","volume":"2","author":"Granite G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Granite G, Wind G, Leighton X. Palmaris longus inversus muscle present bilaterally in an 82 year-old white female cadaver and unilaterally in a 68 year-old white female cadaver. Int J Cadaver Stud Ant Var 2021; 2: 18\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Cadaver Stud Ant Var"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2243w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","article-title":"Reversed palmaris longus: a rare anatomical phenomenon discovered","volume":"15","author":"Behiery A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Behiery A, Bakir M, Dawalibi A, et al. Reversed palmaris longus: a rare anatomical phenomenon discovered. Cureus 2023; 15: e38424.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000117186.10112.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk1020167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Sensorimotor system measurement techniques","volume":"37","author":"Riemann BL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riemann BL, Myers JB, Lephart SM. Sensorimotor system measurement techniques. J Athl Train 2002; 37: 85\u201398.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/irj.16.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-013-9509-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(97)80043-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0573-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"The incidence of missing palmaris longus tendon and its effect on grip and first pinch strengths","volume":"18","author":"Ertem K","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ertem K, Esenkaya I, Elmali N, et al. The incidence of missing palmaris longus tendon and its effect on grip and first pinch strengths. Joint Dis Rel Surg 2007; 18: 126\u2013129.","journal-title":"Joint Dis Rel Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47723\/kcmj.v19i3.1261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447003000308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1774788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-015-0354-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758998318770227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15691861231179012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193419895160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2024.13746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Clinical assessment of absence of palmaris longus muscle and its association with ethnicity","volume":"73","author":"Javaid Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Javaid Q, Usmani A, Surti A. Clinical assessment of absence of palmaris longus muscle and its association with ethnicity. JPMA 2023; 73: 1029\u20131033.","journal-title":"JPMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Clinical assessment of the palmaris longus\u2013accuracy of common tests","volume":"9","author":"Kigera J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kigera J, Mukwaya S. Clinical assessment of the palmaris longus\u2013accuracy of common tests. Ann Afr Surg 2012; 9: 104\u2013107.","journal-title":"Ann Afr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2018.51.2.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.2015.0109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","article-title":"Effects of the presence rate of the palmaris longus tendon on wrist proprioception and grip strength","volume":"15","author":"Senol GT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Senol GT, K\u00fcrt\u00fcl \u0130, Ahmetoglu G, et al. Effects of the presence rate of the palmaris longus tendon on wrist proprioception and grip strength. Cureus 2023; 15: e36779.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022019000401361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Quantification and prediction of male and female spine loading musclesProceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 44th annual meeting","volume":"44","author":"Jorgensen M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jorgensen M, Marras W, Granata K. Quantification and prediction of male and female spine loading muscles. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 44th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, vol. 44. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, 2000, pp.150\u2013153."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199505000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198410000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00072-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.12.1388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-008-9165-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199012000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2015018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251380061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127251380061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251380061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:28:35Z","timestamp":1777382915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127251380061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127251380061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127251380061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]}}}