{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:41:39Z","timestamp":1777466499872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with low back pain (LBP) exhibit altered diaphragm function and poor psychological health. Chronic maladaptation of diaphragm activity has been linked to impaired emotional and physical well-being; however, no study has directly examined whether self-reported disability contributes to diaphragm function in LBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare ultrasonographic measures of diaphragm function in the standing position between young male participants with and without LBP and examine the associations between patient-oriented measures of physical function and psychological status and diaphragm function in those with LBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted involving 22 young males with LBP and 17 healthy controls. Six validated questionnaires assessed physical and psychological status. Ultrasonography quantified bilateral diaphragmatic contractility and right hemidiaphragm excursion in the standing position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with LBP exhibited significantly lower contractility in both hemidiaphragms than controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The strongest predictor of right hemidiaphragm contractility was the mental component summary of the Short Form-36 (R\u00b2\u2009=\u20090.356, p\u2009=\u20090.003). The combination of social life dysfunction and pain-related disorder domains in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire explained 25.0% of the variance in left hemidiaphragm contractility (R\u00b2\u2009=\u20090.250, p\u2009=\u20090.065). While the regression model of the left hemidiaphragm contractility approached statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.065), it did not meet our criterion alpha (0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced diaphragm contractility in standing posture may be associated with poorer psychological health in young males with LBP. These findings suggest diaphragm dysfunction as a potential contributor to the multidimensional burden of LBP. Larger, prospective studies including females are warranted to clarify these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251406955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:40:21Z","timestamp":1765816821000},"page":"930-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contributions of patient-generated mental and emotional health status to diaphragm function in young males with low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9727-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Iwakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Sohma hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Shimozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Isaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08326-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4483-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"573","article-title":"Hospital, pharmacy, and outpatient costs for osteoarthritis and chronic back pain","volume":"31","author":"Mapel DW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mapel DW, Shainline M, Paez K, et al. Hospital, pharmacy, and outpatient costs for osteoarthritis and chronic back pain. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 573\u2013583.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60610-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2021.2022487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0509-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(01)00278-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318222050d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00081-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.4.1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.539bb.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2021.1926022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7929982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02266-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27247-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1959-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-009-1337-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/28.5.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0471-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00095-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00096-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-008-1213-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03558-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2023.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00356.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00268.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00498-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712183372503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","article-title":"The influence of breathing on the central nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Bordoni B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bordoni B, Purgol S, Bizzarri A, et al. The influence of breathing on the central nervous system. Cureus 2018; 10: e2724.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-006-0587-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98736-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2015-0199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.3.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1020-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251406955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127251406955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127251406955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:28:42Z","timestamp":1777382922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127251406955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127251406955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127251406955","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]}}}