{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:18:57Z","timestamp":1785777537014,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome with widespread pain and multisystem symptoms. Hydrokinesitherapy, combining exercise and water immersion, may reduce pain, improve function, and enhance quality of life. It may be more effective than land-based therapy, though protocols remain unstandardized. This study evaluated its effectiveness in fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrokinesitherapy compared to land-based exercise or placebo intervention in women with fibromyalgia, with particular focus on its impact on pain, physical function, well-being, and quality of life assessed through the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A literature review was conducted using the following databases until may 28\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      2025: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were deemed eligible based on the following PICO criteria: P) Participants: women diagnosed with fibromyalgia; I) Intervention: hydrotherapy; C) Control: land-based exercise or placebo\/sham treatments; O) Outcome: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Only randomized controlled trials RCTs with two groups and full text in English were included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review included 10 RCTs with 469 participants, 238 treated with hydrokinesitherapy. Results showed significant improvements in pain, function, sleep, depression, and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Outcomes were better than land-based exercise, but benefits decline without continued therapy; long-term studies are needed to define optimal duration and structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydrokinesitherapy combined with exercise benefits from warm-water immersion, reducing joint stress and improving movement tolerance in fibromyalgia. This review confirms its effectiveness in reducing pain, enhancing physical and psychological well-being, and improving quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251412595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T18:15:18Z","timestamp":1768328118000},"page":"758-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of hydrokinesis therapy in reducing fatigue and stress in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"de Sire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Prestifilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Racinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umile Giuseppe","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Demeco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2828-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ammendolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00506-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022","volume":"40","author":"Giorgi V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Romano ME, et al. 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