{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:38:05Z","timestamp":1792841885771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a common clinical condition, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies have been shown to effectively alleviate patient discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare the efficacy of different TCM therapies in the treatment of CNLBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials on TCM therapies for CNLBP. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare the outcomes of various interventions, with therapeutic effects ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analysis showed that for the Visual Analogue Scale, moxibustion (SMD = \u22122.08; 95% CI, \u22123.75 to \u22120.42; p\u2009=\u20090.0143), cupping (SMD = \u22125.69; 95% CI, \u22127.60 to \u22123.77; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001), acupuncture (SMD = \u22120.94; 95% CI, \u22121.33 to \u22120.54; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001), acupuncture combined with cupping(SMD = \u22126.65; 95% CI, \u22129.03 to \u22124.27; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and traditional Chinese exercises (SMD = \u22121.86; 95% CI, \u22122.73 to \u22120.99; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001) all showed significant effectiveness. The SUCRA ranking of effectiveness for these therapies was as follows: traditional Chinese exercises &gt; moxibustion &gt; acupuncture combined with cupping &gt; acupuncture &gt; cupping. Regarding the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, both moxibustion (SMD = \u22121.54; 95% CI, \u22123.00 to \u22120.07; p\u2009=\u20090.0397) and acupuncture (SMD = \u22120.79; 95% CI, \u22121.27 to \u22120.31; p\u2009=\u20090.0013) showed significant therapeutic benefits. The SUCRA ranking for these treatments was: moxibustion &gt; acupuncture. Regarding the Oswestry Disability Index, acupuncture (SMD = \u22121.40; 95% CI, \u22122.54 to \u22120.26; p\u2009=\u20090.0159) showed a significant advantage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCM can effectively alleviate symptoms in patients with CNLBP through multiple mechanisms. Among these interventions, traditional Chinese exercises have shown the greatest efficacy in pain relief, while acupuncture provides broader benefits across various outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127261435659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:02:51Z","timestamp":1778338971000},"page":"1845-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional Chinese medicine therapies for chronic nonspecific low back pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jiali","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1518612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60610-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2023.100972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05576-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2024.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2008.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10582452.2012.673544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318275e601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjam.2024.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"450","article-title":"Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain - A randomized controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Brinkhaus B","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brinkhaus B, Witt CM, Jena S, et al. Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain - A randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 450\u2013457.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200311000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3140403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2023.26.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51507\/j.jams.2021.14.6.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(15)30006-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.24.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.10.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2013-010456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207450109149744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18870-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-210247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2008.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55030060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis baduanjin qigong for health benefits: randomized controlled trials","volume":"2017","author":"Zou L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou L, SasaKi JE, Wang H, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis baduanjin qigong for health benefits: randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017: 4548706.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","article-title":"The effects of qigong and tai chi exercises on chronic low back pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Sotiropoulos S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sotiropoulos S, Papandreou M, Mavrogenis A, et al. The effects of qigong and tai chi exercises on chronic low back pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cureus 2025; 17: e84342.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735413510025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01316-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1530069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2025.101979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S505312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13131615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","article-title":"Prolonged repeated acupuncture stimulation induces habituation effects in pain-related brain areas: an FMRI study","volume":"9","author":"Li C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li C, Yang J, Park K, et al. Prolonged repeated acupuncture stimulation induces habituation effects in pain-related brain areas: an FMRI study. PLoS One 2014; 9: e97502.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10030144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2025.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tuina for chronic nonspecific low back pain: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Yang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhou X, Ma Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of tuina for chronic nonspecific low back pain: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102: e33018.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2023.102721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of moxibustion for pressure injury: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Xiang W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang W, Jiang J, Hu T, et al. The efficacy and safety of moxibustion for pressure injury: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101: e28734.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Lin J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin J, Kotha P, Chen Y. Understandings of acupuncture application and mechanisms. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14: 1469\u20131481.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","article-title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercise on lumbar disc herniation: a protocol of network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"99","author":"Yuan S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan S, Lin X, Hong J, et al. Effects of traditional Chinese exercise on lumbar disc herniation: a protocol of network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99: e18781.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2023.100949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1253438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00437.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2018.03.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127261435659","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127261435659","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127261435659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:17:31Z","timestamp":1792840651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127261435659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127261435659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127261435659","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]}}}