{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1788667840520,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Central sensitization (CS) is a key mechanism in chronic pain, but its relationship with cervical muscle pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and disability in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the clinical characteristics and functional determinants of CS in patients with chronic neck MPS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective cross-sectional study included 98 patients with chronic neck MPS. Participants were categorized into High CSI\n \n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n n<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 58<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and Low CSI\n \n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n n<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 40<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n groups using a Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) cutoff score of 40. Disability (NDI), neuropathic pain (painDETECT), quality of life (SF-12), and PPTs of the upper trapezius, levator scapulae (LSP), and splenius cervicis (SC) were assessed. Multivariate linear regression was performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A high CSI score\n \n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n \u2265<\/mml:mo>\n 40<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , reflecting prominent symptoms associated with central sensitivity, was identified in 59.2% of the participants. The High CSI group was significantly older and had higher BMI, NDI, and painDETECT scores (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Mean LSP PPT was significantly lower in the High CSI group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003, rank-biserial correlation = 0.350), while splenius cervicis (SC) showed high sensitivity in both groups. The regression model explained 40% of the variance in CSI scores (R\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.40). NDI score (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.48,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and age (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.23,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01) were the only independent predictors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Clinicians evaluating chronic neck MPS should routinely screen for CS using the CSI. Identifying a High CSI phenotype early enables the integration of multimodal, centrally-targeted therapies to mitigate severe functional disability, rather than relying solely on peripheral structural interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127261485420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:01:31Z","timestamp":1788490891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and functional determinants of central sensitization in chronic neck myofascial pain syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9289-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolga","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emel","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fcmeyra","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sincan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Travell & Simons\u2019 Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. 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