{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:57:13Z","timestamp":1790499433296,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is widely used to assess disability due to low back pain. Existing Persian versions were developed in Iran only and do not reflect the full linguistic and cultural diversity of Persian speakers worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study had two aims: (1) to provide an updated, culturally inclusive Persian translation and adaptation of the ODI following the Beaton cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, and (2) to evaluate, per the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties, its reliability and inter-method agreement across diverse Persian speakers. The translation was refined through a structured five-stage process and reviewed by native speakers from Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and diaspora communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>578 participants with low back pain (aged 18\u201386) completed the Persian ODI twice in a single session, once alone (self-administered) and once with an interviewer, to assess inter-method agreement. Reliability and agreement were analyzed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, Cohen's d, ICC, and Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean ODI scores were 13.83\u2009\u00b1\u200912.06 (Alone) and 14.55\u2009\u00b1\u200912.46 (With interviewer). ICC(2,1) was 0.95, indicating excellent reliability, while Cohen's d\u2009=\u20090.18 indicated a small, non-significant effect. Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement ranged from \u22126.91 to +8.35.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The updated Persian ODI, developed and evaluated per established cross-cultural adaptation and measurement-property guidelines, shows excellent reliability and agreement across diverse Persian-speaking populations. Interviewer administration yielded slightly higher scores, but the difference was small and not clinically significant. This version can be confidently used for clinical and research purposes across Persian-speaking communities worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127261488512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:57:02Z","timestamp":1790236622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Oswestry Disability Index for low back pain: Translation into Persian and validation within a Persian-speaking population \u2013 an update"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9106-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keyvan","family":"Mostofi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Clinical, Soyaux"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Shirbache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shirbacheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l'Agglom\u00e9ration de Nevers"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morad","family":"Peyravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02307-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"Oswestry Disability Index: is telephone administration valid?","volume":"39","author":"Martin CT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin CT, Yaszemski AK, Ledonio CGT, et al. Oswestry Disability Index: is telephone administration valid? Iowa Orthop J 2019; 39: 92\u201394.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000222141.61424.f7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Statista. Population totale de l'Iran de 1980 \u00e0 2023 avec des pr\u00e9visions jusqu\u2019en 2029 https:\/\/fr.statista.com\/statistiques\/688362\/population-totale-iran\/ (Jan. 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Louis D Allchin FR. Afghanistan Britannica. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Afghanistan (Jan. 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Smith DR Allworth E. Tajikistan Britannica. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Tajikistan (Dec 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Hambly RG Sinor D. Uzbekistan https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Uzbekistan (Jan. 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00369-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241271419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02822-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127261488512","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10538127261488512","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10538127261488512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1790497107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10538127261488512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10538127261488512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10538127261488512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"article-number":"10538127261488512"}}