{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1785427899362,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00221762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00221762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"'Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)' through the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2022RIS-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RIS-005"]}]},{"name":"Project-Y Seed Grant of 2023","award":["2023-22-0277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-22-0277"]}]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy in Graduate School, Yonsei University"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project Grant","award":["2021-51-0151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-51-0151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) alone has limited effectiveness in restoring gait, while robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) improves motor relearning through repetitive, task-specific movements. Combining PNF with robotic gait training (PRGT) may enhance locomotor recovery by promoting proprioceptive awareness and muscle activation alongside repetitive gait retraining in stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compares the immediate effects of PRGT and RAGT on ankle dorsiflexion and muscle activity in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants, including 15 stroke patients and 15 healthy controls, were randomly assigned to PRGT or RAGT for a single 30-min session. Muscle activity (pectoralis major, external oblique, internal oblique\/transverse abdominis, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior) was measured using electromyography, while ankle dorsiflexion angle was assessed using a dual-axis inclinometer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PRGT significantly increased muscle activations compared to RAGT in stroke patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in ankle dorsiflexion between RAGT and PRGT in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRGT demonstrated superior immediate effects on muscle activation and ankle movement, suggesting that combining PNF with robotic-assisted gait training is beneficial for chronic stroke rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135241296733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T02:58:51Z","timestamp":1734663531000},"page":"196-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Augmented Effect of Combined Robotic Assisted Gait Training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation-irradiation Technique on Muscle Activation and Ankle Kinematics in Hemiparetic Gait: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Buhyeon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chungdam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonmi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungjun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Sung H.","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"PNF in practice: an illustrated guide","author":"Adler S. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adler S. S., Beckers D., Buck M. (2007). PNF in practice: an illustrated guide. Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Comparing four electrical stimulators with different pulses properties and their effect on the discomfort and elicited dorsiflexion","volume":"1","author":"Alon G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alon G., Levitt A. F., McCarthy P. A. (2013). Comparing four electrical stimulators with different pulses properties and their effect on the discomfort and elicited dorsiflexion. 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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The effect of arm extension patterns of PNF on muscle activity of opposite lower extremity","volume":"12","author":"Kim H. G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim H. G., Kim G., Choi J. W., Chung H. (2014). The effect of arm extension patterns of PNF on muscle activity of opposite lower extremity. 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