{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:26:45Z","timestamp":1777930005268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) injections reduce spasticity, but the effects of repeated injections on walking activities remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To demonstrate cumulative effectiveness of progressively higher doses of BT-A on walking activities (primary outcome) and spasticity reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>32 individuals with lower-limb spasticity impairing gait post-stroke were included in this prospective cohort study. Participants received 3 injections of increasing doses of Inco BT-A (400\u2013600\u2013800 U) in both upper and lower limbs and were followed for 7 months. Activity evaluations included the 10 MWT, 6MWT, TUG, and a timed stairs test (TST). Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth (MAS) and Modified Tardieu (MTS) scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Activities remained stable after the 1st injection but improved after the 2nd and 3rd cycles on the 6MWT (+0.07 and +0.12 m\/s, respectively, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and TST (\u221213.7\u2005s and \u221214.8\u2005s, respectively, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Spasticity significantly reduced after each injection cycle, with greater reductions after the 2nd and 3rd cycles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated, progressively higher doses of Inco BT-A in lower-limb spasticity post-stroke improved walking activities and reduced spasticity, more so after successive cycles and higher doses. This could suggest cumulative effects, better effects due to higher doses, or both. This supports the use of progressively higher doses to thoroughly treat spasticity patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>clinicaltrials.gov : NCT04544280.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135241303343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T03:01:23Z","timestamp":1735009283000},"page":"175-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of 3 Cycles of Increasing Botulinum Toxin Doses on Functional Parameters of Post-stroke Spastic Gait: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Selves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-2344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Dehem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Lejeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Deltombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, site Godinne, Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Stoquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","volume-title":"Spasticity in adults: Management using botulinum toxin. 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