{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:29:34Z","timestamp":1792096174332,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]],"date-time":"2025-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dysphagia, common post-stroke, elevates clinical risks. Muscle atrophy and compromised function correlate with malnutrition and secondary sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied oral muscle thickness, tongue strength\/endurance in post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) using sonography and Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), and assessed swallowing therapy's impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>17 healthy and 15 PSD participants were analyzed. Healthy subjects underwent baseline sonography and IOPI. PSD patients received a 3-week swallowing therapy including traditional methods, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and IOPI-guided oral exercises. Pre\/post-swallowing therapy sonography and swallowing-related evaluations were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Resutls<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PSD group exhibited significant differences in affected masseter muscle thickness (P\u2009=\u20090.001), tongue strength (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.001), but not posterior tongue endurance (P\u2009=\u20090.066). After swallowing therapy, PSD patients showed notable improvement in masseter muscle thickness (P\u2009=\u20090.011) and tongue strength (P\u2009=\u20090.005\u20130.009). Clinical metrics like Functional Oral Intake Scale (P\u2009=\u20090.004), Mini Nutritional Assessment (P\u2009=\u20090.007), and gait speed (P\u2009=\u20090.018) also improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke-induced dysphagia correlates with reduced masseter muscle thickness, tongue strength, and endurance. Swallowing therapy enhanced masseter muscle thickness and tongue strength, potentially improving swallowing function, nutrition, and gait speed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135241308773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T02:02:01Z","timestamp":1739152921000},"page":"164-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Swallowing Therapy Effects on Oral Muscle Mass, Tongue Function, Swallowing, and Nutrition in Stroke Patients with Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Guan-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4198-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1619-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau-Peng","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.2.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2007.00827.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70252-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/051)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3057(96)80023-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17983-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0087-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.019075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500667340586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02068-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/264"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"A prospective comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with acute dysphagic stroke","volume":"61","author":"Hamidon B. 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