{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:26:50Z","timestamp":1777930010156,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over half of spinal cord injuries result in tetraplegia, profoundly impairing daily activities (ADLs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate biceps-to-triceps (B-T) and deltoids-to-triceps (D-T) tendon transfers, comparing their impacts on elbow extension strength and ADL independence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of tendon transfers performed between 2003 and 2023 at a neurorehabilitation center. Post-surgery muscle strength was assessed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and ADL independence with the motor Functional Independence Measure (mFIM). We used ANOVA to identify post-surgery associations between MRC achieved scores and performance in ADLs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 34 individuals (42 arms) underwent B-T or D-T surgeries, predominantly at C5 level (66.7%) with 69.0% classified as AIS A. Post-surgery, 81% of B-T and 76.2% of D-T achieved antigravity elbow extension (MRC 3\u20134), with mean MRC scores of 3.2 for both groups. The B-T group, older at surgery (39.9 vs. 27.8 years) and with shorter time since injury to surgery (2.3 vs. 5.0 years), showed significant post-surgery improvements in Self-care, Transfers, Locomotion, and total mFIM. In contrast, significant associations between MRC scores and mFIM outcomes in D-T transfers involved Self-care, Sphincter control, Transfers, and total mFIM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRC scores and ADLs were positively impacted by rehabilitation tendon transfers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135241308803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T04:41:31Z","timestamp":1737520891000},"page":"348-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Independence and Elbow Strength in Tetraplegia: Analysis of Tendon Transfers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rudolph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark Andrew","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"del Arco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Dachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation, Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitaci\u00f3 adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002852"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Bennett J. 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