{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:32:11Z","timestamp":1793367131642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) are promising interventions in the rehabilitation of people with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in motor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematically review studies using MI and AO protocols to assess motor symptoms in people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search was performed in the principal databases, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot studies published in the last 10 years. Studies should include the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III - motor assessment as the primary outcome. The PEDro Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. Data were reported as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six studies were included, 152 participants with PD (63.8% men, with ages ranging from 45.3 to 88 years). In the meta-analysis, no differences were found in the main outcome either in the \u201con\u201d medication state (MD\u2009=\u2009-0.81; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009-6.20 to 4.58;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.77; n\u2009=\u2009intervention: 43\/comparator: 43; studies\u2009=\u20094; I2\u2009=\u200928%) or \u201coff\u201d state (MD\u2009=\u20090.53; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009-2.74 to 3.79;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75; n\u2009=\u2009intervention: 47\/comparator: 47; studies\u2009=\u20093; I2\u2009=\u20090).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The applicability of MI and AO is diverse, but there is a lack of studies combining both interventions, especially with outcomes for the upper limbs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135251325459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T03:11:13Z","timestamp":1767669073000},"page":"438-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Updates on Motor Imagery and Action Observation in Parkinson's Disease Motor Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tatiana Salayaran de Aguiar","family":"Pettenuzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9625-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1tine Marchezan","family":"Estivalet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda Parcianello","family":"Cabeleira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Both","family":"Lahude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natiele Camponogara","family":"Righi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza de Oliveira","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Cechetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/124214"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6168507"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8309-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","first-page":"4559519","article-title":"Action imagery and observation in neurorehabilitation for Parkinson's disease (ACTION-PD): Development of a user-informed home training intervention to improve functional hand movements","volume":"2021","author":"Bek J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bek J., Holmes P. 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