{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T07:33:45Z","timestamp":1793432025223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022230","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNUREP2025R714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNUREP2025R714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around 80% of stroke survivors experience upper-limb impairment during the acute phase, with 55% to 75% still affected after 6 months, hindering their daily activities. Consequently, upper-limb rehabilitation has become essential in post-stroke management, leading to innovative therapeutic methods. Despite the variety of available techniques, Mirror Therapy stands out as a feasible and cost-effective option alongside conventional physical therapy. This study aims to assess the impact of Mirror Therapy on improving motor and timed functional abilities of the upper extremities in chronic stroke patients in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial, which was conducted at 3 Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia with 38 chronic stroke patients randomly assigned into two treatment arms, experimental group (n\u2009=\u200919) and control group (n\u2009=\u200919). The study was registered in clinicaltrails.gov with the registration ID NCT06698380. The experimental group received 45\u2005min of training three days a week for six weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Wolf Motor Function S Test (WMFT) were used as outcome measures. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants\u2019 average age was 54.97\u2009\u00b1\u20097.11 years, with an average height of 165.66\u2009\u00b1\u200911.21 cm, weight of 78.92\u2009\u00b1\u200918.96 kg, and BMI of 28.71\u2009\u00b1\u20096.19 kg\/m\u00b2. Among them, the majority of participants were male (68.4%), with ischemic strokes being the most prevalent type (73.7%). The FMA-US and WMFT scores showed significant improvement in the experimental group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) when compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mirror Therapy significantly enhances motor ability and timed functional activities in the upper extremity of chronic stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135251382901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1764053476000},"page":"531-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mirror Therapy Improves the Motor and Timed Functional Ability of the Upper Extremity among Chronic Stroke Patients: A Prospective Single-Blinded Multicentred Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3142-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weam Okab","family":"Alsalem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jouf Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4407-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Rahim","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramya Ramasamy","family":"Sanjeevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Heath Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamalakannnan","family":"Mohanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Heath Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthick","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Heath Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Esht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Heath Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7440-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadijah Abdulrahman","family":"Alfaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical therapy, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sakaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7734-3486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrhman M","family":"Shahhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Majmah University, Al-Majmah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2739-0929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaima A","family":"Althoman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifestyle and Health Research, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. 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